Question

describing how the nutrients of a hamburger meal is processed through the body, including digestion, absorption, and metabolism. In your reply, describe ONE difference between lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism not described in post.

Ask ONE (1) clarifying question

Answer 1

Digestion actually begins in the mouth, as the enzymes in saliva begin to break down carbohydrate. As Hamburger is chewed, it becomes lubricated, warmer, and easier to swallow and digest. The teeth and mouth work together to convert each bite of hamburger into a bolus that can readily move into the esophagus. After the bolus is swallowed, it enters the esophagus where it continues to be warmed and lubricated as it moves toward the stomach. The acidic environment of the stomach and the action of gastric enzymes convert the bolus into chyme. Pepsinogen gets activated by the hydrochloric acid in stomach,which turns to pepsin which digest protein.
From pancrease powerful digestive enzymes required to chemically breakdown fats carbohydrates and Proteins are produced.Carbohydrates tend to leave the stomach rapidly and enter the small intestine; proteins leave the stomach less rapidly; and fats linger there the longest.The small intestine is the part of the intestine wherr 90% of
is the part of the intestine wherr 90% of digestion and absorption of hamburger occurs. The nutrients are rendered small enough so that they may pass or be transported across the epithelial cells of gastrointestinal tract.
The food in small intestine is mixed with bile which helps in fat digestion, pancreatic juice,and intestinal juice. Bile contains pigments by products of red blood cells that leave with feaces. These add several enzymes such as maltose, lactose which produces sugar.
Most of the nutrient absorption takes place in small intestine.The blood has now absorbed the nutrients and is carried away from the small intestine through the Hepatic Portal Vein to the liver.ln liver it is filtered. The toxins are removed and nutrients are processed.After that food goes to Large intestine. The water is reabsorbed. The food that cannot go through the villi in small intestine (fibre) can be stored in large intestine. The food that cannot be broken down is called feces.
Metabolism basically refers to all the chemical reactions within the body used to produce energy. This involves a complex set of processes that convert fuels into specialised compounds loaded with energy. In the body, the primary final agent to produce energy is called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). When ATP is broken down or used by cells huge amounts of energy is released. This energy is essential for cells to grow and divide, synthesise important compounds, for muscles to contract and numerous other important functions. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are digested in the intestine, where they are broken down into their basic units:
Carbohydrates into sugars Proteins into amino acids Fats into fatty acids and glycerol
The body uses these basic units to build substances it needs for growth, maintenance, and activity (including other carbohydrates, proteins, and fats).
The body has three main types of molecules it uses for energy:
Carbohydrates: These are the sugar type compounds in the body. Carbohydrates come from foods such as bread, cereal, potatoes, fruits and sugar-containing foods or bevarages. When carbohydrates are digested in the gastrointestinal system they are broken down into smaller molecules such as glucose (a simple sugar). The main storage sites for carbohydrates in the body are the liver and muscles.
Lipids: This basically refers to fats (such as cholesterol) from the diet or stored in adipose tissue (in other words the body fat). Lipids are broken down into smaller components called fatty acids for energy. Therefore lipids are really just chains of fatty acids joined together.
Proteins: These make up nearly three quarters of all the solid materials in the body. Proteins are thus the basic structural components in the body. They are made up of smaller agents called amino acids — considered the building blocks of proteins. Protein is present in the diet in foods such as meat, eggs, nuts and dairy products.
In general, carbohydrates form the main energy source for the body. They are the most efficient at producing ATP or energy (meaning they produce lots more ATP per amount of the fuel broken down). The body preferentially breaks down carbohydrates first, and then fats and finally proteins only if the other two fuels are depleted. This is important as proteins are generally less efficient at generating energy. In addition, proteins perform several important functions so if they were broken down several systems could fail.

Carbohydrates Triglycerides Proteins Glucose Fatty acids Amino acids / Small carbon chains Krebs cycle Electron transport chain

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