Question

Why is check summing used in the Transport Layer and cyclic redundancy check used in the link layer? Before answering, describe how both protocols are implemented.

Answer 1

it is a sum that -neck Sum- It can 1 simply say that election method Checks error detection me an is It the valid data. q validity dat is received by The transmitter send the binary data receiver and receivee fame then data is of both error transmission free succenful & mission is to be considued is Let contidu a za hit dater e cht Toll OouI6101011! IOI LOLO1101010 Tx sider Si + S = Tolloll 101 101 01011110 add it to the present of cy is genecated Sum --01011!! S3 +00010 1011100 Sy* IOIOIO 1000 LITO I's complimen of ole is checksum Ole 1000 .. Chexsuns 01110000 Those check sum is added to 32 bit of transmitter side Rx Side In receiver side also add the dala bite het consider the same data is received on the receiver side so alp q receiver side is same as Tx side & add chear I to this ole. toon + Olt 1000 Is Complément is ooo00ooo. All are zeros hence there are no errors.

com a leses a common The protocols IP lage & of the & most higher algorithm to most a algorithm integrity Checksum the validate um to that they exchange .. header while thie the protects only IPvy header he IP Vu headre cheksu provide endte o TCP, OCCP, Icme, lamp & UDP checksums erron detection for both the transport header (including neton and transport layer information) & the transport payload dole Hence checksum is used in transport lager

CRC (cyclic It is errors in Redundancy Check) :- also one type of an error delecting code to detect digital dala. Based on the remainder of a division of their content we get a short check polynomial Value. are & Transmitted bits 1011000 & dividend is 1010 8 dividend is 2011. Whing division methon find CRC. 1001 101ol lollooo 1010 do xox operation in each level. 0010 Oooo O100 OOOO Tooo 1010 @OLO olot added is to the the CRC. divided and transmitted through the This CRC is Channel. That is 1011010. 1001 toio 1011010 1010 00010 0000 010 000 LO10 Odo 000 o so there is no error in the received data.

The link layce is concerned with how the packet is moved of in such a path. The link levels packets across one are usually the linka referred to as more robust error dekation check trames.link level protocols case mechanisms. One of the method used in link layer. is cyclic redun dancy The CRC cheks adds a redundant bite small numbei of but schemes. errors errory other when when compared compared to defects es more more this purpose For CRC is used in link lager.