Question

What are the different horizontal curve types used to connect tangent sections? include (include all that apply):

spiral curve.

vertical curves

crest curves

sag curves

Answer 1

922 Hoolzontal Cuaves → Homizontal waves are creulos Cuares os Hoopzontal cuaves are provided to change the direction or aligment of a rodd when a vehicle negatlates a horizontal core then cortaffugal force acts saldly outward direction to the curre which is latesally the vehicle. The sharpness of the cuore Phoreases with decrease m oddies of the cave which makes Pt gt'sky and dangesaus. Types oy Horrezontel waves a simple cuore Compound cuave ③ Reverse cuare 9 Tansleon or Splzal curve ① simple ware > The simple core is an arc of a circle. The aadres of the chele detemthes the shoophess or flatness of the curre. A simple curre provided to impose a coove between the two stalght llhes. ② compound wave tothed together This curre nomaly consist of two simple curves and curving in the same direction. Scanned wit CamScanner

| Reverse cuave + A severose cave consite of these shimple curve folhed together but Quaving th opposite direction - For safely reasons, the use of this cosve' should be avolded when possPhle (4 Transparon or sppal care & The sphal cove Ps that clove which has a Vasythe addils. St P's poorlded with a stimple care and between the Sthiple curves th a compound unve Tianshapon cune has the addies equal to Profphite when Rt meets to Staught sodd whith geadvaly changes to designated selles towards the cicular curve. vertical curves Vertical cores are provided to change the slone to the not be symmetrical. The vestphal curves are paaabolic cores. The math consteria of the vertical arres design is to provide safe passing slight distance and proper godde. Types of vertical ceres sag curves or valley cuores Crest Curves or Summit claves Scanned with CamScanner

from uphell allgment of the road o sag curvel Valley curve Say ccone are those which change the aligment of the road to to downhill - gn sag vertical Eesne the length is impootant as it Influence the facter such as head light distance, alde comfort and danthage requtomonts. Sagasves are the vertical cerves with concavity upward and convezdy downwoord: Valley cerves are designed fully transltional by adding two smelar cubile pozabala Joanaltion curve- Centopfugal force acts th doumwerod dlection due to which effective weight of veritie thiseases whith may cause festing or incomfood to passengers Equation of valley carre whese, 7 N= change in goddient (4=QN x3 Lu= Length a valley love ® crest Cloves Summilu cloves crest aores are those which change the aligment of the road from downhill to uphill. In designing crest cores Pet Ps Priportent that the goddes are not too high because Rt Ps dificult for the vehicle to toarell upon it. Crest Clores are vertical cerves with convexity Upusard and concarlty down wang - crest arres are designed only for sight distance contesia. crest coves are despgned with squase parabola shape due to best oreing quallty and due to simplementy of Callulettons gdeal shape of crest core is asulas due to constant sight distance Generally thelo u no discomfoot A crest cenre because cartoffugal fosce ads th upward dreotton due to which effect the weight of Venice decreases. equation y Corest curve y = [-N] x² thix No change th gradient hs = Length of crest curve Scanned with n= gaddient Ist curve CamScanner

TYPES OF HORIZONTAL CURVES A SIMPLE CURVE B COMPOUND CURVE C REVERSE CURVE D SPIRAL CURVE