Question

The cladogram of vertebrata is shown below with shared derived characters Indicated. Lampreys Lungfish Land vertebrates Tetrapoda Fingers and toes Choanata Choanae Osteichthyes Bony ribs and shoulder girdle Gnathostomata Jaws Wertebrata Vertel 8. Of what monophyletic group is "choanae" a shared derived character? 9. What shared derived character is indicated for Tetrapoda? 10. Name any character on the cladogram that is a shared ancestral character for Tetrapoda. 11. According to the principle of maximum parsimony, we should first investigate the simplest explanation th at is consistent with the facts. Among phylogenies, the most parsimonious tree is one that requires the fewest evolutionary changes. Which of the following trees is most parsimonious? lizard human dog dog lizard human hair hair (a) hair (c) hackbone human lizard dog backbone hair hair (b) back bone Sharks Ray-finned fish Amphiblans

Answer 1

Question 8

The choaenae belong to the monophlytic group having lungfish, amphibians and land vertebrates.

Question 9

Presence of finger and toes is the derived character for tetrapoda.

Question 10

Presence of jaw is one of the shared ancestral chracter for tetrapoda.

Question 11

The most parsimonous tree is that require fewer evolutionary changes. Hence, option a is correct.