Question

1. what is CRISPR gene editing?
2. what enzyme is used to cut DNA?
3.Why do bacteria use CRISPR?
4.How is the enzyme targeted to a specific DNA sequence?
5.what need to be done in order to make sure the proper human protein is made in bacteria cells?
6.How can you check for proper orientation of the inserted DNA in the plasmid?
7. Why are iPSCs useful for studying hereditary neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer's.
8. How are pig cells removed from the heart before seeding human stem cells.
9. What are different forms of genetic material for viruses?
10. How can genetically modifying the cassava plant be beneficial?

Answer 1

1. CRISPR is a family of DNA sequences found within the genomes of prokaryotic organisms. CRISPR stands for  Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats. Itbisba tool scientists has developed to cut and edit the genome of every organisms, human included.

2. The most used enzyme is Cas9.

3. It protects the bacteria from virus infection. These sequences are present in DNA fragments of viruses that have previously infected the prokaryote and thus are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar viruses during subsequent infections. If the virus suppose attacks again, the bacteria produces RNA segments from the CRISPR arrays to target the viruses' DNA. The bacteria then use Cas9 or a similar enzyme to cut the DNA apart, which disables the virus.

4. To cut the DNA at specific sequence, scientists  created a small piece of RNA called guide RNA with a short guiding sequence that attaches itself to a specific target sequence of DNA in a genome. The RNA also binds to the Cas9 enzyme. As we leart earlier that ha bacteria, the modified RNA is used to recognize the DNA sequence, and the Cas9 enzyme cuts the DNA at the targeted location. Here ,with the help of guiding RNA, Cas9 cuts DNA at specific location.