a) Box-and-whisker plot: plot 1st

b)
5 point summary:
Minimum = 31
First quartile, Q1 = 40
Median =45
Third quartile, Q3 = 52.5
Maximum = 68
Interquartile range, IQR = Q3 - Q1 = 52.5 - 40 = 12.5
c)
| Class interval | Frequency |
| 31 - 38 | 11 |
| 39 - 46 | 24 |
| 47 - 54 | 15 |
| 55 - 62 | 7 |
| 63 - 70 | 3 |
| Total | 60 |
| Class interval | Midpoint, x | Frequency, f | fx | fx² |
| 31 - 38 | 34.5 | 11 | 379.5 | 13092.75 |
| 39 - 46 | 42.5 | 24 | 1020 | 43350 |
| 47 - 54 | 50.5 | 15 | 757.5 | 38253.75 |
| 55 - 62 | 58.5 | 7 | 409.5 | 23955.75 |
| 63 - 70 | 66.5 | 3 | 199.5 | 13266.75 |
| Total | 60 | 2766 | 131919 |
Mean, x̅ = ∑fx / n = 2766/60 = 46.1
Standard deviation, s = √((∑fx² - (∑fx)²/n)/(n-1)) = √((131919 - 2766²/60)/(60- 1))
= 8.6420 = 8.64
----
Chebyshev's theorem states that the proportion or percentage of any data set that lies within k standard deviation of the mean where k is any positive integer greater than 1 is at least 1 – 1/k^2.
0.75 = 1-1/k²
1/k² = 1 - 0.75
k² = 1/0.25
k = 2
75% Chebyshev interval centered about the mean.
Lower limit = x̅ - 2*s = 46.1 - 2*8.64 = 28.82
Upper imit = x̅ + 2*s = 46.1 + 2*8.64 = 63.38
d)
∑x = 2769
∑x² = 132179
n = 60
Mean, x̅ = Ʃx/n = 2769/60 = 46.15
Standard deviation, s = √[(Ʃx² - (Ʃx)²/n)/(n-1)] = √[(132179-(2769)²/60)/(60-1)]
= 8.6256 = 8.63
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#### Code in R ###
mental.csv
Pre.test
Post.test
Treat
72
74
Control
58
57
Control
66
74
Control
51
56
Control
30
28
Control
48
40
Control
58
61
Control
51
50
Control
38
40
Control
56
56
Control
68
72
Control
36
38
Control
53
53
Control
65
72
Control
32
24
Control
64
62
Control
58
55
025-050R
58
57
025-050R
56
57
025-050R
73
59
025-050R
49
42
025-050R
53
49
025-050R
28
29
025-050R
31
43...