Homework Answers
Energy charge is calculated from concentrations of adenine nucleotides ([ATP + 1/2ADP]/[ATP + ADP + AMP]), and is a reflection of metabolic potential available to an organism.
Net energy charge varies between 0.7 to 0.95 and when energy charge increase from 0.6 to 1.0 anabolic pathway that uses ATP is activated and when it is low the AMP can be converted to hypoxanthine and ribose-5P, followed by oxidation of hypoxanthine to uric acid. This helps to maintain energy charge by decreasing the total ATP+ADP+AMP concentration.
|
Physiological process |
0.8 |
0.97 |
|
Glycolysis |
High |
Low |
|
Gluconeogenesis |
Low |
HIgh |
|
Glycogen synthesis |
Low |
High |
|
Glycogenolysis |
High |
Low |
|
TCA cycle |
High |
Low |
|
ETC |
High |
Low |
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3. The major pathways we have discussed in this section of the course focus on glycolysis,...
3. The major pathways we have discussed in this section of the course focus on glycolysis,...
3. The major pathways we have discussed in this section of the course focus on glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, glycogenolysis, the TCA cycle and electron transport. For each of these components, described the relative activity of the process as the energy charge changes from 0.8 to 0.97. In your answer simply use the words LOW or HIGH to describe the activity of the pathway or process at the two energy charge levels. Answer each question: (6 points). Physiological Process Glycolysis...
28. Which one of the following statements is true? a) The brain b) Muscle cannot use...
28. Which one of the following statements is true? a) The brain b) Muscle cannot use fatty acids as an energy source. c) The brain exports ketone bodies as fuels for other tissues d) Fatty acids cannot be used as an energy source in humans e) as an energy source, but can use ketone bodies enzymes of the Glyoxylate cycle Heart muscle stores fuel as glycogen. 29. An intermediate found in gluconeogenesis and not in glycolysoxaloacetate a) 2-phosphoglycerate b) phosphoenolpyruvate...
3 20 The conversion pyruvate to either ethanol or lactate occurs A. when there is an abundance of pyruvate but a deficiency of onygen B. when there is an abundance of BOTH pyruvate and oxygen C....
3 20 The conversion pyruvate to either ethanol or lactate occurs A. when there is an abundance of pyruvate but a deficiency of onygen B. when there is an abundance of BOTH pyruvate and oxygen C. when there is a deficiency of BOTH pyruvate and oxygen D. for the regeneration of NADH so that hydrolysis of ATP can continue to fuel the glycolysis pathway Explain how gluconeogenesis differs from gtycolysis 21 Gluconeogenesis is simply the reverse of all 10 steps...
Glucose oxidation rapidly adjusts to the dietary intake of carbohydrate. Which of these statements is true...
Glucose oxidation rapidly adjusts to the dietary intake of carbohydrate. Which of these statements is true regarding excess carbohydrate intake? Choose all that apply. Excess carbohydrates slanul the body to store amino acids Excess carbohydrates are stored as glycogen Excess carbohydrates trager the process of gluconeogenesis. Excess carbohydrates can be converted to fat. Match the term with the correct definition Synthesis of glycogen lyropeless Synthesis of fatty acids & triglycerides ketogenic amino acids Amino acids that can be used to...
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Which of these statements regarding the structure of the respiratory system is INCORRECT? The nose and pharynx are primarily involved in warming and humidifying air The bronchial tree becomes increasingly smaller towards the alveoli with the primary bronchi involved in filtering the air and removing foreign particles In the alveoli Type I cells are involved in surfactant production and Type II cells are involved in gas exchange The conducting airways of the lower respiratory system include the trachea and primary...
1. There's a branching point in cellular respiration involving pyruvate. Pyruvate can undergo lactic acid fermentation...
1. There's a branching point in cellular respiration involving pyruvate. Pyruvate can undergo lactic acid fermentation or enter the mitochondria to enter the citric acid cycle. What determines what happens to pyruvate? A. Energy demands of the cell B. 15% concentrated power of will C. pH of the intracellular fluid D. Presence/absence of oxygen In the fed state, how is glucose used in the body? Select all correct answer choices. A. Used in glycogenesis to create glycogen in skeletal muscles...
During the aerobic metabolism of glucose, glucose is ____________. Reduced to form water Oxidized to form...
During the aerobic metabolism of glucose, glucose is ____________. Reduced to form water Oxidized to form water Reduced to form CO2 Oxidized to form CO2 Which of the following describes the equation: FAD + XH2 à FADH2 + X. FAD is reduced to FADH2 It is a coupled reduction – oxidation reaction XH2 is oxidized to X All of the above Which of the following is FALSE about glycolysis? The initial steps of glycolysis requires energy derived from the splitting...
9 ) When viewed with an electron microscope, what gives the rough Endoplasmic Reticulum its rough...
9 ) When viewed with an electron microscope, what gives the rough Endoplasmic Reticulum its rough appearance? A) The nucleus B) Mitochondria C) Nucleosomes D) Ribosomes E)sugars 10 ) Which statement below describes the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum? A) Packing and sorting of newly synthesized macromolecules B) Protein Synthesis C) Cellular Respiration D) Detoxification and hydrolysis of polysaccharide E) Photosynthesis 11 ) If a cell is in a hypotonic environment that means…….. Protein synthesis The solute concentration inside...
Questions on Metabolic Pathways & Energy balance 81 Match the items. #2 What can be said...
Questions on Metabolic Pathways & Energy balance
81 Match the items. #2 What can be said about the glycolysis pathway? a. Initial breakdown of carbohydrate b. Initial breakdown of fat C. Made by all three energy nutrients d. Removal of nitrogen from an amino acid e. Most ATP is produced a. requires oxygen. b. is the breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl COA. C. converts acetyl CoA into pantothenic acid. od results in the formation of pyruvate. 1. Electron Transport Chain...
just the prelab worksheet, no data yet Lab Six: Fermentation Learning Objectives: • Explain the biochemistry...
just the prelab worksheet, no data yet
Lab Six: Fermentation Learning Objectives: • Explain the biochemistry of fermentation, substrates and products, conditions, and purpose for cells • Describe alcoholic fermentation of yeast, naming reactants and products Perform a pre-designed experiment to measure the rate of yeast fermentation of glucose under two different conditions. Propose hypotheses and make predictions based on them. Design and perform a novel experiment to test additional substrates for yeast fermentation using findings of the pre-designed experiment....
3. The major pathways we have discussed in this section of the course focus on glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, glycogenolysis, the TCA cycle and electron transport. For each of these components, described the relative activity of the process as the energy charge changes from 0.8 to 0.97. In your answer simply use the words LOW or HIGH to describe the activity of the pathway or process at the two energy charge levels. Answer each question: (6 points). Physiological Process Glycolysis...
28. Which one of the following statements is true? a) The brain b) Muscle cannot use fatty acids as an energy source. c) The brain exports ketone bodies as fuels for other tissues d) Fatty acids cannot be used as an energy source in humans e) as an energy source, but can use ketone bodies enzymes of the Glyoxylate cycle Heart muscle stores fuel as glycogen. 29. An intermediate found in gluconeogenesis and not in glycolysoxaloacetate a) 2-phosphoglycerate b) phosphoenolpyruvate...
3 20 The conversion pyruvate to either ethanol or lactate occurs A. when there is an abundance of pyruvate but a deficiency of onygen B. when there is an abundance of BOTH pyruvate and oxygen C. when there is a deficiency of BOTH pyruvate and oxygen D. for the regeneration of NADH so that hydrolysis of ATP can continue to fuel the glycolysis pathway Explain how gluconeogenesis differs from gtycolysis 21 Gluconeogenesis is simply the reverse of all 10 steps...
Glucose oxidation rapidly adjusts to the dietary intake of carbohydrate. Which of these statements is true regarding excess carbohydrate intake? Choose all that apply. Excess carbohydrates slanul the body to store amino acids Excess carbohydrates are stored as glycogen Excess carbohydrates trager the process of gluconeogenesis. Excess carbohydrates can be converted to fat. Match the term with the correct definition Synthesis of glycogen lyropeless Synthesis of fatty acids & triglycerides ketogenic amino acids Amino acids that can be used to...
Questions on Metabolic Pathways & Energy balance
81 Match the items. #2 What can be said about the glycolysis pathway? a. Initial breakdown of carbohydrate b. Initial breakdown of fat C. Made by all three energy nutrients d. Removal of nitrogen from an amino acid e. Most ATP is produced a. requires oxygen. b. is the breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl COA. C. converts acetyl CoA into pantothenic acid. od results in the formation of pyruvate. 1. Electron Transport Chain...
just the prelab worksheet, no data yet
Lab Six: Fermentation Learning Objectives: • Explain the biochemistry of fermentation, substrates and products, conditions, and purpose for cells • Describe alcoholic fermentation of yeast, naming reactants and products Perform a pre-designed experiment to measure the rate of yeast fermentation of glucose under two different conditions. Propose hypotheses and make predictions based on them. Design and perform a novel experiment to test additional substrates for yeast fermentation using findings of the pre-designed experiment....
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