Question

9 ) When viewed with an electron microscope, what gives the rough Endoplasmic Reticulum its rough appearance?

            A) The nucleus       B) Mitochondria        C) Nucleosomes    D) Ribosomes   E)sugars

10 ) Which statement below describes the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A) Packing and sorting of newly synthesized macromolecules

B) Protein Synthesis

C) Cellular Respiration

D) Detoxification and hydrolysis of polysaccharide

E) Photosynthesis

11 ) If a cell is in a hypotonic environment that means……..

1. Protein synthesis
2. The solute concentration inside the cell is equal to the solute concentration outside the cell
3. That the higher solute concentration exists outside the cell
4. That water will flow out of the cell
5. That a higher solute concentration exists inside the cell

12 ) Which type of cell would probably provide the best opportunity to study Lysosomes?

A) Muscle cells, are responsible for movement   

B) Nerve cells, they transmit neural impulses          

C) Exons and introns

D) Introns and Exons

            E) Phagocytic white blood cells, they digest and destroy foreign cells

13 ) The nuclear envelope is composed of a

A) a single phospholipid bilayer membrane

B) Only two phospholipid bilayers with no protein

C) entirely of proteins exhibiting tertiary and quaternary structure

D) two membranes with an intermembrane space

14 ) What is diffusion?

A) water moves to the hypertonic side of a membrane

B) when a cell undergoes lysis

C) when a cell undergoes plasmolysis

D) movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached

E) all of these

15 ) Which below are specialized for life in a hypotonic environment?

1. plant cells    B) animal cells       C) all eukaryotes       D) Humans     E) marine organisms

16 ) Which is the opposite of cell necrosis?

A) lysis            B) plasmolysis         C) osmosis            D) apoptosis         E) cellular respiration

17 ) The centrosome is the location in a cell where microtubular networks are organized, plant cell centrosomes consist of

1. actin filaments
2. centrioles
3. loosely arranged and slightly disorganized bundles of microtubules
4. myosin filaments
5. none of these

Match the type of cytoskeleton component (below) to one of its jobs in the eukaryotic cell

A) Actin          B) intermediate filaments      C) microtubules

18 ) motility by pseudopodia

19 ) motility by swimming

20 ) regulation of gene expression through management of chromatin states

21 ) For use in moving VESICLES around THE inside of a cell, microtubules are part of a system that also requires

A) ATP (adenosine triphosphate)   B) Motor proteins   C) docking proteins   D) all of these

22 ) Why are cells small?

A) to increase surface area to volume ratio

B) to decrease surface to volume ratio

C) to decrease surface area

D) to decrease volume alone

E) B and D

23 ) What is the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

A) to allow for movement of water between cells

B) to allow blood flow

C) to allow CO2 to exit the leaf

D) to allow oxygen to exit the leaf

E) To allow CO2 to exit the leaf

24 ) In which phase of the viral "life cycle" does the host cell lyse?

2A) Lysogenic phase

B) Lytic phase

C) osmosis

D) plasmolysis

E) cellular respiration

Match the following three answer choices to the next three questions

A) first law of thermodynamics

B) second law of thermodynamics

C) Third law of thermodynamics

25 ) Energy can neither be created or destroyed, only converted among different forms

26 ) Every time an energy conversion takes place most of the energy is lost as heat

27 ) Every atom that goes into a chemical reaction is accounted for in the products (law of mass balance)

Use the following four answers for the next four questions

A) produces oxygen and hydrogen gas by removing electrons from water

B) The part of oxidative phosphorylation where oxygen is converted to water

C) oxidization of carbons from Acetyl-CoA to CO₂, captures energy in the form of ATP and NADH

D) Gives 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH and 2 ATP without using oxygen

43 ) Which of the above describes photosystem II

44 ) Which of the above does glycolysis do to glucose?

45 ) Which of the above describes something about the electron transport chain in mitochondria?

46) Which of the above describes the citric acid cycle?

47 ) Which form of Adenosine phosphate carries the most potential energy?

A) ATP

B) ADP

C) AMP

48 ) Which is the oxidized electron accepting form of NAD (form that can pick up electrons and become reduced)

A) NADH₂

B) NAD+

C) ATP

D) AMP

49 ) Which does the integral membrane protein ATP Synthase (ADP Phosphorylase) require to make ATP?

A) The Proton Motiv Force

B) Nothing, it does it spontaneously

C) THE Carbon Motiv Force

D) THE Oxygen Motiv Force

50 ) Pick the true statement

1. Electron transport makes the proton motiv force
2. Chemiosmosis drives electron transport
3. Glycolysis requires large amounts of oxygen
4. The permittivity of free space makes life possible

51 ) In Diagram 1, A and B represent which of the following?

a) NADH2 and ATP

b) NAD+ and ADP

c) Water and Oxygen

d) CO₂ and G3P

52) In Diagram 1, C represents which of the following?

a) NADH2 and ATP

b) NAD+ and ADP + PO₄

c) Water and Oxygen

d) CO₂ and G3P

53 ) In Diagram 1 D represents which of the following?

a) NADH2 and ATP

b) NAD+ and ADP

c) Water and Oxygen

d) CO₂ and G3P

54 ) In Diagram 1 E and F represents which of the following?

a) NADH2 and ATP

b) NAD+ and ADP

c) Water and Oxygen

d) CO₂ and G3P

55 ) For Diagram 1, in which enzymatic pathway do electron transport and chemiosmosis take place

A) The Light Reactions in chloroplast thylakoid membranes

B) Glycolysis

C) The Calvin Cycle (Dark Reactions)

            D) Oxidative phosphorylation

56 ) In Diagram 2 what do D, E, and F represent?

            a) fructose and water      b) CO₂ and oxygen       c) NADH2 and FADH2               d) ATP

57 ) In Diagram 2, what does C represent?

a) Acetyl Co-A

b) CO₂ and water

c) the electron transport chain

d) oxidative phosphorylation

58 ) In Diagram two what does this entire process produce?

a) only water

b) 36 or 38 ATP and about 6 CO₂ / glucose

c) 1000s of NADH molecules per glucose

d) diffusion

59 ) For Diagram 2 in which enzymatic pathway do electron transport and chemiosmosis

take place ?

A) Oxidative Phosphorylation       B) TCA             C) Glycolysis

60 ) In Diagram 2 A and B are what?

a) Fructose and water

b) CO₂ and oxygen

c) Glucose and Pyruvate

d) NADH and ATP

61 ) Autotrophs

A) must eat pre-formed carbon containing molecules for energy needs

B) can make their own food and macromolecules from small molecules like CO₂ water and energy captured from their environments

C) Neither of these.

62 ) Heterotrophs

A) must eat pre-formed carbon containing molecules for energy needs

B) can make their own food and macromolecules from small molecules like CO₂ and water by using energy captured from their environments

C) Neither of these.

63 ) Which molecule contains more “Gibbs Free Energy” that when released, a cell could capture in the phosphate bonds of ATP?

A) Glucose       

B) CO₂

C) Na+Cl-

D) MgCl2

64 ) Which type of reaction is spontaneous with energy being released?

A) exergonic reaction

B) endergonic reaction

C) a case of diffusion

D) a case of osmosis

65 ) Which is the first enzyme in the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis? it “fixes” CO₂

A) PEP Carboxylase    B) RUBISCO    C) NADP+ reductase D) pyruvate decarboxylase

66 ) Oxygen is a required substrate for which of the following enzymatic pathways

A) Oxidative phosphorylation   B) Calvin Cycle C ) Glycolysis D) none of these  

67 ) Pick the chemical equation below that represents catabolism

A) C₆H₁₂O₂ + 12O₂ à H₂O + 6CO₂ + energy

B) H₂O + 6CO₂ + energy à C₆H₁₂O₂ +12 O₂

C) Neither of these

Answer 1