Question

Complete the sentences about bacterial genomes using the words and phrases (not all words and phrases are used).

metagenomics metagenomics 50% 50% plasmids microgenomics eukaryotic genomes insertion sequences (ISS) a single-stranded DNA molecule bacteriophage (viral) genomes 100 kilobases open reading frames (ORFS) 90% kilobase a single double-stranded DNA molecule The bacterial chromosome is In the E. coll genome, some predicted genes encode proteins with functions that have not yet been determined; these presumed genes are called The E. coli genome also contains remnants of suggesting certain evolutionary events. Bacterial genomes contain small transposable elements termed that resemble transposons of eukaryotic Approximately of E. col DNA codes for proteins and there is an average of one gone in every of DNA Some bacteria carry which are extrachromosomal circles of double-stranded DNA The process of takes samples from a particular ecological environment and analyzes al DNA present to determine sequences that are present in the habitat or community as a whole Reset

Answer 1

Question 1

Answer: The bacterial chromosome is a single double stranded molecule. It is long, circular, helical and supercoiled.

Question 2

Answer: In the E. coli genome, some predicted genes encode proteins with functions that have not yet been determined; these presumed genes are called as open reading frames (ORFs). ORFs contain a stretch of nucleotides that contain start and stop codon and are translated to proteins. However, the function of the protein may or may not be known.

Question 3

Answer. E.coli genome also contain remnants of bacteriophage (viral) genome, suggesting certain evolutionary events. Viral DNA is integrated in to the bacteria DNA and remains latent. It has evolutionary significance.

Question 4

Answer: Bacterial genomes contain small transposable elements termed Insertion sequences (ISs) that resembles transposons of eukaryotic cells. Insertion sequence are transposable elements that contain short DNA sequence that code for proteins involved in transposition.

Question 5

Approximately, 90% of E. coli DNA codes for protein and there is an average of one gene in every kilobase of DNA. The genome of E.coli is ~4600,000 bp in length and it contains 4000-5000 genes, Hence, on average for every one kilobase, there is a gene that codes for protein.

Question 6

Answer: Some bacteria carry plasmid, which are extrachromosomal circles of double-stranded DNA. Plasmid is extrachromosomal DNA molecule. It is not present as a part of chromosome and is capable of independent replication.

Question 7

The process of meta genomics takes samples from a particular ecological environment and analyzes all DNA present to determine sequence that are present in the habitat or community as a whole. Meta genomics is also called as environmental genomics or community that involves analysis of genetic material that is extracted from the environmental samples or a community.