Question

please give the exact answer

Incorrect Question 12 0/1 pts Small quantities of ATP are made from glucose in citric acid cycle. Answer 1: glucose Answer 2: citric acid cycle Incorrect Question 13 0/1 pts Which event takes place during oxidative phosphorylation? Protons are pumped into the intermembrane space NAD+ and FAD se reduced Water is consumed to drive the reactions Acety CoA is converted into carbon dioxide MacBook Air

the question is

Small quantities of ATP are made from ____ in ____.

whats the answer for number 13

Answer 1

12. Small amount of ATP is gained by Glucose in Glycolysis.

The net gain of Glycolysis 2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of ATP and 2 NADH molecules. The net gain is produced to cells for energy.

But the total energy gained by the complete breakdown of the glucose molecule by glycolysis formation 2 molecules of Acetyl coA and their catabolism by citricacid cycle following oxidative phosphorylation producing a net gain 30 molecules of ATP in eukaryotes..

13. Protons are pumped into intermembrane space during oxidative phosphorylation.

As oxygen is very important to present in the cells in this case oxygen molecule is used in the oxidative phosphorylation which is the last step of cellular respiration.

Oxidative phosphorylation is made up of two components 1.Electron transport chain and 2. Chemiosmosis.

In Electron transport chain the electrons are passed from one molecule to another to produce an electrochemical gradient by the energy released by this electron transfers.

So, now role of oxygen comes at the end of the ETC(Electron Transport Chain), where it accepts electrons and picks the protons to form water molecule. If there is no oxygen to accept electrons we cannot produce ATP through Chemiosmosis which is used by most of the metabolic processes to function.

ETC:

It is a collection of membrane embedded proteins and organic molecules where most of them are organized in the complexes labelled I to IV and many copies of them are found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes and in prokaryotes ETC is found in plasma membrane.

So, in ETC the electrons travel through the chain from high energy level (less electron deficient places) to low energy levels (more electron deficient places). So, the energy released from these electron transfers are used by these complexes to pump the protons into the intermembrane space from mitochondrial matrix forming a proton gradient.

NOTE: Electron donors in the ETC are NADH and FADH₂ which are produced from glycolysis, Citric acid cycle and other metabolic processes.

Election Transport Chain, brune / HP Spacer 998 theoooooo0000- B0001 N BBBB000 NADH FADH, PADI DUD Dale V 2 HE71120 H2O NABUHA ett i tochondr Inner mitochondrial) matrix Mitochondrial matrix

In Chemiosmosis the stored energy is used to produce ATP. The protons in the ETC are used in Chemiosmosis.