Question

Use the following information to answ Human Health owing information to answer the next three questions Smoking is one of the biggest environmental causes of respiratory been linked with lung cancer, respiratory tract infections, asthm bronco and bronchioles), and emphysema (breakdow es, and emphysema (breakdown of the walls of the avec respiratory disorders. Smoking has ctions, asthma (inflammation of the 7. Lung cancer is the development of a canceroust Cancerous cells are cells that divide uncontrollably and los function. What structures in the lungs have a characteristic shay function? Explain. (1 mark) ment of a cancerous tumour within the tissue of the lungs. Is are cells that divide uncontrollably and lose their normal shape an have a characteristic shape important to their 8. As smoke travels down the respiratory tract, it can damage the delicate cilia that respiratory system. Which of the effects listed in the information above would be most closely caused by damaged cilia? Explain. (1 mark) 9. Alveoli are normally organized into bundles that look a bit like grapes. In patients with emphysema (usually caused by smoking), the walls of the alveoli break down, converting many small pockets of air into one large pocket of air. How does emphysema affect gas exchange in the lungs? Explain. (1 mark)

Answer 1

answers:

answer 7:

respiratory system is a system which allows us to breathe.

it includes:

1. upper respiratory tract : nose, mouth , beginning of trachea
2. lower respiratory tract: trachea, bronchi, broncheoli, alveoli, lungs.

• trachea : it is a tube which connects the throat to the bronchi
• the bronchi : dividing of trachea into two tubes ( bronchi), leading to each lung, inside each lung bronchi are further divided into smaller bronchi.
• the broncheoli: bronchi branching off into smaller tubes knoen as broncheoli which ends in pulmonary alveolus.
• pulmonary alveoli: tiny air sacs delineated by single membrane with blood capillaries at the other end and responsible for exchanges of gases that occurs through their membrane.
• lungs: pair of organs found in all vertebrates.

Answer 8:

Damaged cilia can't do their job of sweeping dirt and mucus out of your lungs and all the dirt and mucus will get stucked and which means damage to the bronchial tubes.

Answer 9:

Emphysema : it is a condition that involves damage to the walls of the air sacs (alveoli) of the lung. Alveoli are small, thin-walled, very fragile air sacs located in clusters at the end of the bronchial tubes deep inside the lungs. There are about 300 million alveoli in normal lungs. As you breathe in air, the alveoli stretch, drawing oxygen in and transporting it to the blood. When you exhale, the alveoli shrink, forcing carbon dioxide out of the body.

When emphysema occurs, the alveoli and lung tissue gets destroyed. because of this damage, the alveoli fails to support the bronchial tubes. The tubes collapse and cause an “obstruction” (a blockage), which traps air inside the lungs. Too much air trapped in the lungs can give some patients a barrel-chested appearance. Also, because there are fewer alveoli, less oxygen will be able to move into the bloodstream.

one of the main cause is smoking for this condition.