Question

THE TOPIC OF RESEARCH IS / OSTEPROSIE(VITAMINE D INSUFFICENSY(Write your research questions.(1) Methods for data collection.(2) Design tables and figures for collected data.(3) Discuss your results with comparison of selected articles.(4

Answer 1

• Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bone density decreases and also bone tissues gets damaged . This condition leads to increased bone fragility and increased risk to fractures.
• Bone proteins like osteoclacin , matrix gal protein and protein S are dependent on the vitamin K for its normal functon.
• If vitamin K is insufficient or its transport is interuppted it leads to bone fragility .
• Hence the objective of the study will be effects of vitamin K on the post menopausal women .
• After the treatment period bone mineral density in the hip bone and spine are measured.
• Why post menopausal womwn are selected because these women are highly suseptible for osteoporosis and their vitamin K levels are also low in this group.

Methods

• Around 300 to 400 post menopausal women are selected .
• They are given oral calcium and vitamin K supplements for over a particular period , say 1 year .
• The women can be recrited from various osteoporotic clinics, media promotion and community centres.
• The difference in the control group and treated group must be calculated to interpret the results.
• The formula to calculate difference between two groups (var delta) can be calculated as Var (delta) = Var +var - 2 rho var.
• Here rho is called correlation co efficient and its value is will be in between 0.5 to 0.8.
• Bone mineral density of spine and hip region will be measured using Dual energy X ray absortiometry.
• Patient's demographics must be studied which includes , lifestyle , diet and physical activity or anyother pertaining illness.
• Fasting blood samples are collected inbetween the treatment period and analysed for serum calcium, magnesium , vitamin D , potassium levels.

Analysis of data

• The data can be analysed using chi square test.
• Significance value is taken as 0.05
• The analysis of bone mineral density in these 2 different sample can be analysed using stanadard 2 sample T test between 2 groups.

The table below shows the calculated delta values between two groupa at significance value 0.05.

nato in Ame too o o137 o.o91 oo33 9 O 274 o 043 o os79 o.7 o o319 0,0271 2e0 e- o o2 76 o. 0229 0, 0,95 , 0219 300 0.7 "주

References

• Carboxylation of osteocalcin in post-menopausal osteoporotic women following vitamin K and D supplementation. Douglas AS1, Robins SP, Hutchison JD, Porter RW, Stewart A, Reid DM.

• Vitamin K-induced changes in markers for osteoblast activity and urinary calcium loss.Knapen MH1, Jie KS, Hamulyák K, Vermeer C.

• Guidelines for the early detection of osteoporosis and prediction of fracture risk. Council of the National Osteoporosis Foundation.

• Osteoporosis Prevention, Screening, and Treatment: A Review Juliana M. Kling, MD,1 Bart L. Clarke, MD,2 and Nicole P. Sandhu, MD, PhD