Question

Describe the causes, symptoms, and therapy (ies) behind Type I diabetes mellitus as compared to myasthenia gravis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Answer 1

Features	Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus	Myasthenia Gravis	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Causes	It occurs when the immune system of our body, attacks the beta cells of the pancreas that produces insulin and destroys it. It is reported that this disease is influenced or triggered by genes and environmental factors.	It is caused when an error occurs in the transmission of nerve impulses to muscles. It eventually disrupts the normal communication between the nerve and muscle at the neuromuscular junction.	It is caused when the body’s own immune response becomes hyperactive. It is an autoimmune disease and the body’s immune system erroneously attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body.
Symptom	Increased thirst. Increases frequency of urination. Increases hunger. Caused weight loss and mood swings. Fatigue and causes disturbance in vision.	Drooping of one or both eyelids (ptosis) occurs. Blurred vision occurs due to the weakness of the eye muscles. Facial expression changes, followed by difficulty in swelling and difficulty in speech. Shortness of breath also occurs.	Symptoms vary between mild to severe. The common symptoms include painful joints, fever, mouth ulcers, pain in chest, swollen lymph nodes fatigue. Red rashes also occur in face.
Therapy	Treatment includes daily insulin injections. The injections of insulin replenish the scarcity of insulin. A proper diet is also one of the factors that can regulate this disease.	1.Thymectomy. This operates the thymus gland (abnormal in individuals with myasthenia gravis) which is reported to reduce symptoms and may cure people by balancing the immune system. 2. immunosuppressive drugs. These drugs increase the muscle strength. Eg. prednisone, azathioprine, and rituximab.	Anti-inflammatory medications and corticosteroids can be used. Hydroxychloroquine was approved by the FDA for lupus, it is often used to treat malaria.