Question

what are the 4 biological molecules structure and functions of each molecules. how are the monomers and differences between polymers related to each.

Answer 1

The 4 major biological molecules are -

Carbohydrates- These are the sugars, starch, fibres i.e basically they are the energy giving food components that are required by our body. The structure of carbohydrates is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with a formula, say ( CH2O) n . Simplest carbohydrates are known as monosaccharide while two monosaccharides form disaccharides and further polysaccharides as well. Function of these molecules is to provide us with energy and also helps in storing energy in our body. As they are easily degradable , so they can be used any time when required for energy source inside the body.

Lipids- lipids are the fatty components of the biological molecules . Structure- They are made up of glycerol molecules with long hydrocarbon chains. Lipids can be of three different kinds- Phospholipids, glycolipids, and sterols. Sterols contains lipids like cholesterol while Phospholipids constitutes of two fatty acids chains and a glycerol molecule. Function of lipids is that they form structural units of our biological membranes, provide mechanical protection, form components in hormones etc

Proteins- They are the building blocks of our body. Structure- Proteins are made up of amino acids that are joined together by peptide bond and forms polypeptides in polymeric form. Different amino acid sequence makes different proteins. Function of proteins is that it required to build body tissues, many enzymes their receptors are made up of proteins, antibodies which are type of proteins help in protection inside our body.

Nucleic acids- Nucleic acids are the basic DNA and RNA from which our cells are made up of. Nucleic acids are made up of different nucleotides which are linked together to form DNA or RNA depending upon the sugar used in the nucleotides. Each nucleotides have pentose sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous base. Function of nucleic acids is that they store the genetic information in form of gene inside our bodies . They are responsible for every structural and genetical form in human beings. They act as bodies which store information and express them when required.

Monomers and differences between polymers are related to each other by the fact that all the polymers are made up of many single units known as monomers. So any polymers will have its base as monomers and the type of monomer used in a polymer will define the category of that polymeric units. So we can say that all polymers are related to their monomers and specific monomers determine the class of polymeric molecules.

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