1a) What is Dendritic Cell Licensing?
b) What happens to the immune response if Dendritic Cell Licensing is removed (or knocked-out)?
Dendritic cells constitute only 0.2% of WBCs in the blood bit play an important role in nonspecific resistance. They are present in the skin and mucous membranes of the nose,lungs, and intestines where they readily contact invading pathogens, phagocytose and process antigens, and display foreign antigens on their surface.
CD8(+) T cells require CD4(+) T cell help for memory formation. Evidence suggests that such help can be antigen independent, challenging whether the 'licensing' of dendritic cells (DCs) by CD4(+) T cells is ever required for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. We show here that help is essential for the generation of CTL immunity to herpes simplex virus 1 and that CD4(+) T cells mediate help in a cognate, antigen-specific way. We provide direct in vivo evidence for DC licensing by helper T cells and show that licensing is rapid and essential for the formation of effector and memory CTLs. In situations in which DCs are poorly licensed by pathogen-derived signals, our findings suggest that CTL immunity may be heavily dependent on cognate DC licensing.
Ans-2 When the dendritic cell begins to mature, it also starts
moving, or migrating toward a lymph node. The lymph nodes contain
large numbers of lymphocytes, another type of immune cell. Everyone
probably remembers having enlarged lymph nodes in their neck when
they had a sore throat. The lymph nodes are where the action is
when it comes to the immune system. There are areas in the body
that contain large numbers of lymph nodes. The neck, armpits, and
groin areas all have clusters of nodes that lie close to the
skin.
So the mature dendritic cell has migrated to the lymph node. There
it comes in
contact with different kinds of lymphocytes. If it has matured
properly, the co-
stimulatory molecules on its surface will help pass the tumor
information along to the cytotoxic T lymphocytes, or CTLs. The CTLs
are the body's main defense against tumor cells. When the right CTL
comes in contact with the dendritic cell, it will become activated
and begin to divide, effectively making an army of cloned soldiers
ready to kill any cancerous or pre-cancerous cell.
The role of DCs in our immune system:
DCs (also known as accessory cells) process and present soluble antigens, in complex with either class I or class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on their cell surface, to the B or T cells, which carry receptor molecules that recognize specific targets. DCs thus act as messengers between the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system.
DCs are present in trace numbers in most tissues and in a relatively immature state, especially in the blood. However, in the presence of inflammatory signals, they rapidly recognize foreign antigens and undergo maturation. Once activated, they migrate to the lymph nodes, where they interact with T and B cells to initiate an immune response.
1a) What is Dendritic Cell Licensing? b) What happens to the immune response if Dendritic Cell...
Part A: Traditionally what key immune cell type is associated with MS pathology? A) Dendritic cells B) CD4+ T-cells C) CD8+ T-cells D) Glial cells Part B: Where in the brain might ectopic lymphoid structures form in MS patients? A) Ventricles B) Choroid plexus C) Meninges D) Loop of Henle
Adaptive Immune Response TERMS agglutination APCs apoptosis cells involved lym tes display inslude develoe into to D8 develor into develop into secrete B lymphocytes CD4 protein Co-stimulate Dendritic cells Eliminate antigen Inactivate antigen B cells co-stimulate thru memoryplasma cells secondary stimulating Th cells T cells comp fixation& response activation macrophages cells precipitation response lement limit immun neutralization present memory B memory perforins &antigens response Te cells secondary T lymphocyte Te cell Th cell Treg cell
Adaptive Immune Response TERMS agglutination...
what type of pathogens are primarily controlled bu the T-cell immune response?
what happens when a firm is hit with a new Licensing Fee that raises its fixed cost of operation significantly, but not does impact the variable cost or marginal cost. Which of the firm's costs will be impacted by the new licensing fee (AVC, ATC, MC)? Why? Will the new licensing fee change the firm's profit-maximizing (equilibrium) quantity? Why or why not? What should the firm's response be since it is still in the short run? What will determine whether...
Match each type of immune system cell to its function or description. (Use each description once). Helper T-cell Detects pathogens and releases chemokines as part of the inflammatory response Participates in activation of B-cells if it has receptors for the same antigens Has receptors that are specific to particular antigen structures and releases antibodies as part of the humoral response Releases histamine as part of the inflammatory response Secretes proteins that cause infected cells to undergo apoptosis White blood cell...
Create a concept map using all the listed terms: Innate immune system Adaptive immune system Specific immune response nonspecific immune response neutrophils histamine lysozyme skin phagocytic cells cytokines antimicrobial proteins granulocytes natural killer cells CD8 T cells CD4 T cells PAMP leukocytes Bile Microbiota Cytotoxic T cell B cell Antibodies
23. In adaptive (acquired) immunity, what plays a role in the cell-mediated immune response? Plasma cells Opsonization Destruction of pathogens via phagocytosis Release of cytokines by helper T cells The complement system
Part A Dendritic cell Co-stimulator Co-stimulator TH cell - Tc cell What is the name of this molecule? O CD4 O T cell receptor class I MHC class MHC
3. Describe the origin of immune cells in cell-mediated immunity including: Lymphocyte precursors in bone marrow and thymus: T cells (T helper, T regulatory and T cytotoxic); B cells: Monocytes/Macrophages; Dendritic Cells:
What is true of a secondary immune response? It is brought about by memory cells It is weaker than a primary immune response. It can involve B-cells but not T-cells It is faster than a primary immune response After it occurs, the immune system can only respond to reinfection with the same antigen by mounting another primary immune response 1 and 2 2, 4, and 5 1, 3, 4, and 5 1, 2, and 3 1 and 4