Question

1. Compare and contrast Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.

2. How can prokaryotic cells be smaller than eukaryotic cells and still carry on all the essential functions of life.

3. Compare and contrast Archea and Bacteria.

Answer 1

Answer 1:

S. No.	Characteristics	Prokaryotes	Eukaryotes
1	Cell wall	Made up of protein and carbohydrate	Made up of cellulose
2	Mitochondria	absent	present
3	Endoplasmic reticulum	absent	present
4	Ribosomes	70 S type	80 S type
5	Nuclear membrane	absent	present
6	Lysosomes	absent	present
7	DNA	Single stranded primitive type present in cytoplasm	Double stranded well developed present inside the nucleus
8	Nucleus	absent	present
9	Centrioles	absent	present
10	respiration	Takes place by plasma membrane	Takes place by mitochondria
11	Photosynthesis	Takes place in thylakoids	Takes place in chloroplast
12	Coiling around DNA	DNA is coiled around Hu protein(histone absent)	DNA is coiled around histone protein
13	Type of division	Amitosis type	Mitosis and meiosis type
14	Crossing over	Does not occur	occur

Answer 2: Prokaryotic cell are smaller than eukaryotic cell and still they carry all the functions of life because a single cell carry all the requited contents which is necessary to make a cell live.

Explanation: As we know that prokaryotic cells are small as it is composed of single cell only. A single cell is sufficient to carry out all the process of life.Due to lack of membrane bounded organelles generally important live regulatory contents(mesosomes, thylakoid, DNAcontent, ribosomes etc.) is found scattered inside the cytoplasm. The main variation between eukaryotes and prokaryotes in also the presence of exons and introns.

As we know that exons are coding regions which is very necessary to carry out the functionality of cell while introns are non coding region which do not code for any particular protein but these are generally found inside the cell to act as support mechanism for DNA helix organisation.

As the cell size of prokaryotes are small so it does not contain any introns (non coding region) so it have only the regions which is responsible for coding the particular protein to make the cell alive to perform all life processes as eukaryotic cell do. In contrast due to large cell size it have both the region for coding and non coding sequences to perform these activities.