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1. When amino acids are degraded the first step is to remove the amino group. To...

1. When amino acids are degraded the first step is to remove the amino group. To which of the following molecules is the amino group typically transferred?

A. Pyruvate
B. Oxaloacetate
C. Fumarate
D. Alpha-ketoglutarate

2. Most amino acid degradation takes place in the ...

A. Adipose
B. Muscle
C. Liver
D. Epithelium

3. Urea contains two nitrogen atoms. What is the source of these two nitrogen atoms?

A. Both from NH4+
B. NH4+ and aspartate
C. NH4+ and serine
D. Both from serine

4. To form other amino acids, which nitrogen atom does glutamine donate?

A. alpha-amino group
B. side-chain nitrogen atom
C. Glutamine does not donate either of its nitrogens

5. Which of the following molecules are used as a source of the carbon skeletons of amino acids?

A. alpha-ketoglutarate
B. 3-phosphoglycerate
C. Oxaloactetate
D. Pyruvate
E. all of the above

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Homework Answers

Answer #1

1) The answer will be alpha-ketoglutarate (Option D).

Explanation: Aminotransferase enzyme transfer the amino group of the amino acid to -ketoglutarate to form glutamate. Glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme then produces ammonium ion from glutamate.

2) The answer will be liver (Option C).

Explanation: Apart from branched chain amino acids most of the amino acids degradation takes place in the liver. Muscle & kidney are also responsible for some specific amino acid degradation. For example, branched chain amino acid degradation takes place in muscle tissue.

3) The answer will be NH4+ & aspartate (Option B).

Explanation: The nitrogen atom of ammonium ion produced by oxidative deamination of glutamate is transferred to the carbamoylphosphate which is transferred to the urea [CO(NH2)2] by successive reaction. Another nitrogen atom is transferred to urea from aspartate. Carbon atom of the urea comes from the CO2.

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