Question

I already have the structures just need help with questions a b and c. Thank you!

Give the structure of the following coenzymes: (consult pages 533-562 and chapter 16 of your biochemistry textbook) (15 points)

(i) Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)

(ii) biotin

(iii) Coenzyme A

(a) In what class of enzyme catalyzed reactions each one of these coenzymes is involved? Give one example of an enzyme catalyzed reaction where each of these coenzymes is involved. These examples should be different from the examples you gave in question 1.

(b) Many coenzymes (and prosthetic groups) are derived from vitamins. What is the vitamin part in each of the three coenzymes (prosthetic group) listed above. Show the vitamin part in the structures of coenzymes (prosthetic groups) you have drawn.

(c) Explain some of the problems associated with the deficiency of NAD and biotin in humans.

Answer 1

c.

PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH DEFICIENCY OF NAD AND BIOTIN IN HUMAN :

1. FOR BIOTIN

Biotinidase deficiency (BTD) is the most common cause of biotin deficiency. BTD is a rare inherited disorder where the body is not able to use biotin and leads to biotin deficiency.

Babies with BTD tend to start showing symptoms of the condition in the first weeks or months of life. The most common symptoms include:

hypotonior weak muscless

eizure

alopec or hair loss

eczema

developmental delay etc.

2. FOR NAD

NAD deficiency is linked to disease through genetic and environmental means. Severe niacin deficiency causes pellagra, characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death. . NAD synthesis is also reduced by pathophysiological factors such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and inflammation.