Question

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Explain on 2 Paragraph PLEASE.

Our society produces several possibly mutagenic chemicals (pesticides, for example) and transforms nature in methods that rise exposure to other mutagens, notably ultraviolet (UV) radiation. What position must government be in recognizing mutagens and controlling their release to the ecosystem?

Answer 1

A short essay on actions taken by the government to recognize the mutagens and their effectiveness

The USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) has issued some guidelines in order to assess the risk arising due to exposure of mutagens, toxicants, carcinogens, etc. and the main purpose of these assessment guidelines is to come up with a judgement on the impact of these on humans. These guidelines help in taking some regulatory decisions that have two components i.e. risk assessment and risk management. Risk assessment estimates health consequences due to the exposure, while management combines the assessment process with regulatory bodies to take some decision for controlling their exposure. There are some guidelines issued on Carcinogen Risk Assessment, Mutagenicity Risk Assessment, Health Assessment of Suspect Developmental Toxicants and Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures.

Here we are discussing the Mutagenicity Risk Assessment that began in January 1984. Guidelines for this assessment are drafted by the scientists/experts of EPA and thereafter reviewed and validated by other groups working in the field of genetics toxicology, environmentalist, industrialist, and other governmental agencies. After validation and review work, public comments are taken into consideration via the Federal register and after all this the comments from experts, the public is reviewed by the panels of SAB and the executive committee. That after analysis provides the guidelines for Mutagenicity Risk Assessment. Following this introductory method, two parts have been formulated for assessments: “Part A contains the Guidelines and Part B the Response to the Public and Science Advisory Board Comments (a summary of the major public comments, SAB comments, and Agency responses to those comments)”. The Agency is continuing to study the risk assessment issues raised in the guidelines and will revise these Guidelines in line with new information as appropriate. Risk assessment is comprised of the following components: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization (Committee on Institutional Means, 1983). Background information on mutagenesis and mutagenicity test systems is available in Identifying and Estimating the Genetic Impact of Chemical Mutagens, National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Committee on Chemical Environmental Mutagens (NAS, 1962), as well as in other recent publications (Committee 1, 1983). As a result of progress in the control of infectious diseases, increases in average human lifespan, and better procedures for identifying genetic disorders, a considerable heritable genetic disease burden has been recognized in the human population. It is estimated that at least 10% of all human disease is related to specific genetic abnormalities, such as abnormal composition, arrangement, or dosage of genes and chromosomes (NAS, 1962; NRC, 1972, 1977, 1980; UN, 3 1958, 1962, 1966, 1969, 1972, 1982).