Question

Fully answer the following questions:

1. Using the realized heritability from 1977, what is the expected average beak depth after the 1985 selection event?

2. Based on regression analysis, Medium Ground Finch parents with an average beak depth of 10mm will have offspring with what beak depth (on average)?

3. What was the response to selection due to the 1977 drought for medium ground finches?

4. What proportion of black would you expect on a Scarlet kingsnake in TN vs FLA? Why?

5. Based on realized heritability (and not regression analysis), and using the pre-drought mean, what is the expected offspring bill depth of parents with an average depth of 10mm?

6. What is the relationship between the extent of pesticide use and the time to resistance? How could Fenitrothion have documented resistance before it was even used?

7. What would happen to the Eda morph alleles in Lake Loberg if in 2008 a sticklback predator was introduced? Why?

8. Oldfield mice on the Atlantic coast of Florida and the Gulf coast are white. What is the ancestral fur color, where did white evolve first and how did it get from one coast to the other?

9. What is happening to cane toads over time in Australia? Why? What is happening to the snakes that eat them? Why?

10. What is the ‘realized heritability’ of beak depth in the medium ground finch according to the 1977 data?

11. What was the selection differential of the 1977 drought for medium ground finches?

12. What would be a safe sized gall to produce if you are a gallfly and you want at least 90% of your offspring to survive where there are only downy woodpeckers? If there are only parasitic wasps? If there are both?

13. Why has age at sexual maturity decreased over time for Atlantic cod?

Answer 1

1) the average beak depth is 9.2 mm and after 1985 ,the expected beak depth is half a millimeter to 9.7 mm.

6) this decision is based on their expectation regarding the timing and intensity of pest attack ,if we use large amount of pesiticides then after sonetime it become resistance .so,it is directly proportional to the time to resistance.

with the help of evolutionary selection process ,in which organism use to develop chemical resistant strains are universal throughout biology.it should test that which pesticides is used and to what extent it become resistance.

9) cane toad became pest to control destructive beetles in sugarcane crop.they are capable of poisoning predator if anybody eat them.

snakes also die after eating it because large gland on the shoulder is packed with potent cardic toxins.

10) in 1977,the major drought hit back, as a result many spurge plants died and medium ground finches unable to eat any small seeds due to this after sometime it is found that population is recovered and their beaks are deeper.

11) before 1977 beak size from 8 to 11 mm with an average depth 9.2 mm and after drought there is 15% of the range of variation.in other words ,the natural selection caused average size of medium ground finches increases within the population.

13)because there is a gap between decreasing supply and increasing demand.as a result their is limited by early sexual maturation which slow growth and reduces its quality.