Question

1. The primary importance of the theory of evolution to modern biology is that it:
a) explains all patterns of biological diversity
b) leads to the formation of new questions
c) refutes the notion of spontaneous creation
d) reveals the relationships among organisms

2. The biological definition of species states that two species:
a) cannot hybridise
b) are morphologically distinct
c) occupy different ecological niches
d) none of the above

3.)The extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago and the subsequent diversification of mammals are an example of:
a) the normal evolutionary pattern of rapid diversification of taxa, followed by a slow process of senescence, leading to extinction
b) newly evolved types of organisms competitively excluding inferior older types
c) both of a and b
d) neither of a or b

4. Which of the following best defines the term ‘cladogram’?
a) A branching diagram based on DNA sequence similarities
b) A table of derived characters for a group of organisms
c) A diagram summarising evolution on the geological time scale
d) A phylogenetic tree that summarises relationships between organisms

Answer 1

1.) Option is D

As we aware from this fact that,

The theory of evolution by natural selection, first formulated in Darwin's book "On the Origin of Species" in 1859, **is the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits.

Evolution by natural selection is one of the best substantiated theories in the history of science, supported by evidence from a wide variety of scientific disciplines, including paleontology, geology, genetics and developmental biology.

The theory has two main points, said Brian Richmond, curator of human origins at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. "**All life on Earth is connected and related to each other," and this diversity of life is a product of "modifications of populations by natural selection, where some traits were favored in and environment over others," he said. So here above all connected to each other is the right one.

2.) Option is B

Biological species concept. The biological species concept defines a species as members of populations that actually or potentially interbreed in nature, not according to similarity of appearance. Although appearance is helpful in identifying species, it does not define species. So do you get it?

3.)Option is A

It caused the worst of all mass extinctions, in which over 90 percent of species vanished. It happened 252 million years ago, marking the boundary between the Permian and Triassic Periods (and between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras). So again life was started from beginning. Followed the option A .

4.) Option is A

A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade, a group of organisms with a last common ancestor.

. Although traditionally such cladograms were generated largely on the basis of morphological characters,** DNA and RNA sequencing data and computational phylogenetics.