Question

1) Compare and contrast between 4 plant & animal reproductive parts.

2) What are the functions of the hormones prosuced in the human female?

Answer 1

Plant reproduction

Plants reproduce sexually with the fusion of gametes.

Female gametophyte embryo sac is formed in the ovary of the plant.

The outer and inner integuments represent which protect the embryo sac and nucellus provides nourishment to the embryo sac.

The embryo sac open through the micropylar end.

Megasporangium is formed by process of female gametophyte to form 4 haploid cell through meiosis. Only one survives. Then the megasporangium undergoes mitosis and forms the embryo sac.

Male gametophyte

The anther have pollen sacs which have pollen grains in them which are diploid microsporocytes which undergo meiosis to form 4 haploid cells which form the male gametophyte.

The pollen grain has a pollen tube to deliver the pollen grain into the micropylar end of the female gametophyte.

*** The pollen grain is non motile, that is it cannot move itself on its own.

The four agents are required for pollinating the plant.

Animal reproduction

animals reproduce sexually with the fusion of the sperm and the ovum to form a zygote.

Males have spermatogonia which undergo mitosis to spermatocytes, and then undergo meiosis to form spermatids.

Females have oogonia which undergo mitosis to form primary follicle and then undergo meiosis to form the ovum. the hormones present in females are OESTROGEN, PROGESTERONE, LUTEINIZING HORMONE ,FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.

All these hormones are responsible for normal reproduction. The menstrual cycle is divided into four phases depending on the the hormones acting on them.

MENSTRUAL PHASE

it is the bleeding phase in which the endometrium is ruptured and In this phase the hormone levels are very low.

FOLLICULAR PHASE

In this phase the oestrogen levels are high allowing the formation of the endometrium again.

OVULATORY PHASE

It occurs on the 14th day of the menstrual cycle in which the luteinizing hormone and the follicle stimulating hormone at its peak level causing the ovulate.

LUTEINIZING PHASE

it is the phase when the progesterone levels are highest which causes the corpus luteum and the endometrium to rupture.