Question

please help me out.

1. How do xbee wireless communication travel?

(please answer this in one paragraph)

2. mention some wireless communication we have.

we have UART, help me mention any other five amd explain it.

Answer 1

Xbee is a wireless micro-controller that is used to communicate between devices wirelessly. Xbee has both analog and digital pins along with an antenna for communication.Xbee devices transfer data wirelessly but cannot store or process data. These modules have to be connected to PC or any other device to use and manipulate the data.Xbee devices send and receive messages over the air by modulation of the waves in electromagentic spectrum.They basically work as RF devices. To communicate between the devices both the modules should be in the same network. Each module has a unique system of addressing. They have 64 bit address which is unique for each and module and 16bit address is assigned when they are on the same network. Zigbee networks are called PAN( personal area networks). Each network can be set to a unique ID and Xbee modules can be set to that ID so that they can communicate on that network. Xbee devices can communicate if they are on the same frequency.They support all 16 channels defined in 802.15.4 physical layer. You have to select operating channel parameter in order to communicate.These can be done using the Xbee application.

2. Various communication protocols.

1. Wi-fi: Wireless fidelity is the most common communication protocol thet uses IEEE 802.11 standards using 2.4G Hz and 5 GHz frequency bands. It has very high data speeds upto 1000Mbps depending on number on antennas used and frequency of band. ESP 32 and ESP 8266 use wifi protocols The distance is 40-60 meters.

2. BLE: Bluetooth low energy is a wireless communication protocol that is widely used because of its low power consumption.It only activates when the connection is initiated or else it is in sleep mode.This uses the 2.4 GhZ band and data rates are lower.

3. Z-Wave: These are low power RF communication technologies. It operates at a frequency of 900M Hz and has data rates of 100kbps. It has distance rates of 30m and supports upto 232 devices. It has very long battery life due to its low power consumption.

4. RFID: Radio frequency identification is a technology that uses electromagnetic fields to detect and identify objects. The distance range of RFIS is 20cm to 200cm.The frequency varies from KHz to several MHz.

5. Cellular Technology.: This wireless technology is basically that mobile phonoes are currently using. These include 2G,3G ,4G and developing 5G. These are used to transmit data over long distances and high speeds can be achieved.The frequency range is 900-2100 MHz.