Question

1. How does the injection of insulin affect the signal transduction pathway of type 1 diabetics?
a. Injected insulin prevents the glucose from binding to cellular protein receptor.
   

b. Insulin acts as a secondary messenger that cascades the message to allow glucose into the cell.
   
c. Insulin is absorbed into the cytoplasm and binds with the transcription factor to make it active.
   
d. Protein receptors on the cell bond to the insulin, which allows glucose to enter the cell.

2. Which of the following does NOT explain a way in which plants or animals accomplish cell communication through long-distance signaling?
  
a. Electrical signals travel throughout the nervous system via neurotransmitters.
   
b. Gases such as ethylene are released and travel through the air to reach target cells.
   
c. Hormones are released by endocrine cells and travel through the blood to target cells.
   
d. Secreted molecules travel through extracellular fluid to target cells via paracrine signaling.

Answer 1

Ans. 1

Option D is correct .

Insulin is the hormone which is secreted by Beta cells of pancreas and helps in maintaining the blood glucose level. Lack of insulin hormone causes a disease called diabetes mellitus. In this disease cell is unable to metabolise glucose and glucose accumulated in blood lead to increase blood glucose level. So patient who are suffering from this disease required daily injection of insulin.

Insulin work on protein receptor present on cell surface and allow the cell to take up glucose. So option d correct.

Ans. 2 option D is correct.

As paracrine signalling is not long distance signalling. In this one cell secretes the hormone that act on neighbouring target cell via extracellular fluid . So option d is correct