Question

What class of microbe does not grow in the presence of oxygen, came from mud at 100 degrees celsius, gets it's energy from H2S, makes its own organic molecules from carbon dioxide? How would you culture this specific archea microbe? You find this microbe in hot mud, sulfur springs

Answer 1

• Obligate Anaerobes cannot grow in presence of oxygen.
• Chemoautotrophs can produce organic compounds from inorganic carbon source or carbon dioxide and use H₂S as source of energy.
• Like: Sulfur bacteria found in hot springs, muddy soil.
• They are extremophiles or hyperthermophiles and ca survive at temperature of 100 degrees Celsius.

• Winogradsky column was devised by Sergei Winogradsky.
• It is a setup created with various layers useful for growth of diverse organisms belonging to different nutritional groups using different sources for energy and electrons, including: autotrophs and heterotrophs (like phototrophs or chemotrophs).

Layers	Microorganisms	Cellular morphology	Gram staining	Ecological niche
Water layer -Aorobic zone	Algae/ Diatoms/ Cyanobacteria-Nostoc	Filamentous (trichomes)	Negative	Water surface- as free floating or with symbiotic association with aquatic plants, moist soil surface
Mud/ water interface – microaerophilic zone	Heterotrophic bacteria - Thiobacillus	Bacillus / Short rod shaped	Negative	Soil, sewage, ground water, mud
Rust colored layer – lesser anaerobic zone	Less oxidizing bacteria- Rhodospirillum	Spiral	Negative	Marine environments, mud, soil
Purple layer – anaerobic zone	Purple photosynthetic bacteria -Chromatium	Rod shaped/ slightly curved	Negative	Marine, fresh water
Green layer- more anaerobic zone	Green photosynthetic bacteria -Chlorobium	Ovoid, rod or vibrio shape	Negative	Sulfur rich water, sediments, mud
Black layer – sediments- mud, salts, carbonate, sulfates, other organic components	Sulfate reducing bacteria - Desulfovibrio	Curved/vibrio	Negative	Aquatic, organic sediments, water logged soil

• Winogradsky column was devised by Sergei Winogradsky.
• It is a setup created with various layers useful for growth of diverse organisms belonging to different nutritional groups using different sources for energy and electrons, including: autotrophs and heterotrophs (like phototrophs or chemotrophs).

Layers	Microorganisms	Cellular morphology	Gram staining	Ecological niche
Water layer -Aorobic zone	Algae/ Diatoms/ Cyanobacteria-Nostoc	Filamentous (trichomes)	Negative	Water surface- as free floating or with symbiotic association with aquatic plants, moist soil surface
Mud/ water interface – microaerophilic zone	Heterotrophic bacteria - Thiobacillus	Bacillus / Short rod shaped	Negative	Soil, sewage, ground water, mud
Rust colored layer – lesser anaerobic zone	Less oxidizing bacteria- Rhodospirillum	Spiral	Negative	Marine environments, mud, soil
Purple layer – anaerobic zone	Purple photosynthetic bacteria -Chromatium	Rod shaped/ slightly curved	Negative	Marine, fresh water
Green layer- more anaerobic zone	Green photosynthetic bacteria -Chlorobium	Ovoid, rod or vibrio shape	Negative	Sulfur rich water, sediments, mud
Black layer – sediments- mud, salts, carbonate, sulfates, other organic components	Sulfate reducing bacteria - Desulfovibrio	Curved/vibrio	Negative	Aquatic, organic sediments, water logged soil