How can the glutamate induced down regulation of GABA B receptors be specific?
Glutamate binds with glutamate receptors which down-regulates GABA B receptors by shifting the balance from recycling to lysosomal degradation. Sustained activation of glutamate receptors triggers lysosomal degradation of GABA B receptors, mediated by AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptors. The down-regulation also depends on Ca2+ Influx through L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.
How can the glutamate induced down regulation of GABA B receptors be specific?
Methamphetamine can affect GABA receptors: A. Increases Cl- influx in chronic users B. Increases Cl- after acute exposure C. Can be repackaged with dopamine D. B and C E. All of the above
Iontropic/Transmitter Gated Channels- What are the GENERAL characteristics of these channels? Glutamate-Gated Iontropic Receptors: What are these? How do they work? How is NMDA receptor specialized for regulation? How does the NMDA receptor open (steps)?
1) Which ligand-gated ion channels does (glutamate / GABA / glycine) open? 2) How do changes in (potassium / sodium) concentration affect the resting membrane potential? 3) If (sodium / potassium / chloride) channels are locked open, the membrane potential will continue to change due to ion flow until it reaches what value? (give a numerical value)
10. Describe how different G protein-coupled receptors can give rise to the synthesis of different 2nd messengers. EXTRA 5 points: Name three such G protein-induced 2nd messengers and name their subsequent target.
10. Describe how different G protein-coupled receptors can give rise to the synthesis of different 2nd messengers. EXTRA 5 points: Name three such G protein-induced 2nd messengers and name their subsequent target.
Can someone explain why/how lactase breaks down lactose but using the concept of Induced fit and Active sites
How can Glutamate depolarize or hyperpolarize bipolar cells?
INFORMATION ABOUT IMAGE G FOR QUESTIONS 12-15:
GABAB receptors (GABABRs) are
G-protein-coupled receptors that can be found on both pre- and
postsynaptic neurons. When they are activated by GABA, they can
have a range of effects. For the synapse you are studying in the
following questions, the effects of GABABRs are
indicated in IMAGE G.
You are doing a series of experiments in which you are recording
from the pre- and postsynaptic cell at a synapse. The experiments
described below...
For the next few questions, use these answer choices: a) Agonist b) Antagonist c) Up-regulation d) Down-regulation e) Desensitization 51) This kind of molecule binds to a receptor and blocks 52) A cell can become more responsive to a signal 53) One explanation for drug tolerance includes a loss of its activity. molecule by initiating a(n) of receptors. receptor affinity for its signal molecule, also known as 54) If levels of a signal molecule are abnormally low, a patient might...
Explain how the outcomes of bottom-up and top-down community regulation are similar and different
Part Uncle Mel suffers from depression and is having trouble sleeping. Some medications can increase the amount of neurotransmitter in the synapse by preventing its re-uptake into the presynaptic neuron or its degradation. This increases the level of the neurotransmitter in the synapse and prolongs its effects. Select which neurotransmitters you think might be a good target for anti-depressant drugs. Glutamate O GABA Serotonin Endorphins Dopamine Norepinephrine Submit Request Answer to Part D Prescription medications are designed to induce a...