Question

QUESTION 11

1. Which of the following provide separation of the Eumetazoa?

   	a.	Multicellular.
   	b.	Number of germ layers.
   	c.	Type of symmetry.
   	d.	Only A & B.
   	e.	All of the above.

QUESTION 12

1. Which group or clade is missing mesoderm germ layers?

   	a.	Anthozoa
   	b.	Bilateria
   	c.	Platyhelminthes
   	d.	Annelida
   	e.	None of the above.

QUESTION 13

1. Though plants, fungi, and prokaryotes all have cell walls, we place them in different taxa. Which of these observations comes closest to explaining the basis for placing these organisms in different taxa, well before relevant data from molecular systematics became available?

   	a.	Their cell walls are composed of very different biochemicals.
   	b.	Some have cell walls only for support.
   	c.	Some have cell walls only for protection from herbivores.
   	d.	Some have cell walls only to control osmotic balance.
   	e.	Some closely resemble animals, which lack cell walls.

QUESTION 14

1. The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a:

   	a.	Unicellular yeast
   	b.	Multicellular fungus
   	c.	Multicellular algae
   	d.	Flagellated Protist.
   	e.	Slime Mould

QUESTION 15

1. Sponges are most accurately described as:

   	a.	Aquatic filter feeders
   	b.	Freshwater scavengers.
   	c.	Aquatic autotrophs
   	d.	Detritivores
   	e.	Marine predators.

QUESTION 16

1. All of the following are advantageous of a body cavity except:

   	a.	Provides room for heart expansion.
   	b.	Increase protection of internal organs.
   	c.	Increase in complexity of the organ systems.
   	d.	Results in a radial body symmetry.

QUESTION 17

1. The group known as Lophotrochozoa includes about 18 animal phyla and has a huge diversity of body forms. On what basis are all these animals thought to be in the same clade?

   	a.	Body cavity.
   	b.	DNA sequences.
   	c.	Type of skeleton.
   	d.	Embryo structure.
   	e.	Type of germ layers.

QUESTION 18

1. The clam, snail, and octopus are all molluscs. The muscular foot of a snail is homologous to (i.e. derived from the same structure as) which one of these?

   	a.	Shell of the clam
   	b.	Siphon tube of the clam.
   	c.	Mouth of the octopus.
   	d.	Head of the octopus
   	e.	The visceral mass of the snail.

QUESTION 19

1. The chloroplasts of land plants are thought to have been derived according to which evolutionary sequence?

   	a.	cyanobacteria -> green algae -> fungi -> land plants
   	b.	cyanobacteria -> red algae -> green algae -> land plants
   	c.	cyanobacteria -> green algae -> land plants
   	d.	red algae -> brown algae -> green algae -> land plants

Answer 1

11. Number of germ layers provides the separation of eumetazoans or diploblasts which posses 2 germ layers endoderm and ectoderm.

12.Anthozoa is missing the mesoderm as it belongs to the phylum Cnidaria which comprises of diploblastic animals.

13.They were placed under different taxa as their cell walls are composed of very different biochemicals such as chitin, cellulose, pectin, glycopolysaccharides,etc

14.The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a flagellated protist.

15. Sponges are most accurately described as aquatic filter feeders.

16.Results in a radial symmetry which isn't advantageous.

17.They are grouped together on the basis of their embryo structure. All of them have trochophore larva.

18.Mouth of the octopus.

19.cyanobacteria-red algae-green algae-land plants.

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