Question

Permian extinction...

Which of the following statements about the Permian extinction is FALSE?

	A.	An estimated 95% of all marine species were lost during the event.
	B.	Adaptive radiations of surviving groups occurred afterwards.
	C.	An estimated 70% of all terrestrial vertebrate species were lost during the event.
	D.	It occurred around 250 million years ago.
	E.	It caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.
		Which of the following statements about taxonomy is FALSE? A. Species that are in the same phylum but different classes are more closely related than species that are in the same family. B. Species are classified using progressively narrower taxonomic categories. C. It is the process by which scientists classify organisms on the basis of shared traits. D. The broadest taxonomic category is called domain. E. The narrowest taxonomic category is called species. Which one of these series of evolutionary events is in the correct chronological order of first appearance? A. unicellular eukaryotic algae -> cyanobacteria -> multicellular algae -> land plants B. unicellular eukaryotic algae -> multicellular algae -> cyanobacteria -> land plants C. cyanobacteria -> multicellular algae -> unicellular eukaryotic algae -> land plants D. cyanobacteria -> unicellular eukaryotic algae -> multicellular algae -> land plants E. unicellular eukaryotic algae -> cyanobacteria -> land plants -> multicellular algae What type of organism is Tiktaalik? A. invertebrate. B. fish. C. amphibian. D. true tetrapod with fully-jointed digits. E. reptile. Which one of the following is NOT an example of a vestigial structure? A. A human tailbone. B. A human wisdom tooth. C. A human remnant third eyelid. D. A human appendix. E. A panda’s thumb. Which of the following statements about homology is FALSE? A. Homology can be revealed by the presence of vestigial structures in derived species. B. Homologous structures are functionally similar, but do not share the same ancestral origin. C. Tetrapod forelimbs are examples of homologous structures. D. Homology is revealed during similar patterns of embryonic development among different species. E. Homologous structures can share anatomical, genetic, or developmental similarity. Which of the following statements about the evolution of land animals is FALSE? A. Limbs distinguish land vertebrates. B. Animals evolved from living on the water to living on the land. C. The first vertebrates were aquatic. D. The first limb-like structures of vertebrates evolved in the lobe-finned fishes. E. Whales evolved at the same time as the first limbed-vertebrates. Which of the following statements about the evolution of the horse is FALSE? A. The oldest horse fossils are most similar to modern horses, and the more recent fossils are the most different. B. It is an example of macroevolution. C. Horses evolved from ancestors that had four toes. D. Modern horses walk on the central toe. E. The fossil record of the horse documents adaptive evolutionary change over time.

Answer 1

Permian extinction didn't cause the extinction of dinosaurs. Because, Permian extinction has taken place around 250 million years ago, whereas dinosaurs have undergone extinction 65 million years ago. This extinction is known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary (K–T) extinction.
Hence, option E is the correct answer.

Organisms of the same family share more characters than the Organisms belonging to different classes of the same phylum, because family is lower group under class and in hierarchy of classification more similarities between Organisms are observed in lower taxa than in upper taxa.
Hence, option A is the correct answer.

Cyanobacteria-- >unicellular eukaryotic algae--- >multicellular algae---> land plants is the correct order.
Hence option D is the correct answer.

Tiktaalik is a sarcopterygian or lobe finned fish.
Hence option B is the correct answer.

Panda's thumb is not a vestigeal organ. It is used for grasping bamboo by Panda.
Hence, option E is the correct answer.

Homologous structures may or may not be functionally similar, but they share the same ancestral origin.
Hence, option B is the correct answer.