Question

Draw a block diagram of a home security system that has several sensors (contact switches, cameras, and laser), 2 processing units, and several output devices (buzzer, LEDs, LCD). This system is able to send information wirelessly to the owner.

Please show the block diagram.

Answer 1

Answer:-

This circuit will help you to guard your precious documents as well as jewellery from intruders or theft. All you need is just to place this circuit in front of the locker or below the mat so when any unknown person come and walk over the switch, the circuit will trigger and sound of alarm comes. The main benefit of the circuit is that these can be implied in two places at a time as two different switches produces two different sounds.

Circuit Diagram of Security Alarm:

Security Alarm Circuit Diagram –

Circuit Components:

• Resistor
• R1, R2 (100K) – 2
• R3 (1.2K) – 1
• R4 (47E) – 1
• T1 (BC547) – 1
• T2 (BC558) – 1
• D1, D2 (1N4007) – 2
• C1 (. 1uf) – 1
• S1, S2 – 2
• Speaker – 1

1. Resistor: Resistors are the passive device with two terminals. They are mainly used in the circuit to restrict the flow of current across any of the circuits. The current flow from the resistor is directly proportional to the voltage that is given across the terminals of the resistor. In the market resistors are mainly available in two broad categories:
   1. Fixed resistor– It actually means that the resistor whose value cannot be change and remain what its mark on it.
   2. Variable Resistor- It means that the value of resistance can vary within the range marked over it. For e.g. If the value of 5k is marked on it then it implies that the value of the resistor can vary from 0-5k.
      • The value of the resistor can be calculated either with the help of multimeter or with the help of color code over the resistor.
2. Diodes – It is a device with two terminals and have a asymmetric attribute which means that it permit the flow of current in one of the directions while the flow of high resistance is from another direction. Hence in it flow of current is in one way only and block the other way for the current flow. The two terminals in diode named as anode and cathode. AC current can be converted into DC with the help of diode unidirectional behaviour.
3. Transistor – transistor is a three terminal electronic device used to amplify weak input signals. A transistor consist of two PN junction diode connected back to back. Transistor are of different type such as bipolar junction transistor, Field effect transistor and photo transistor. They are mostly used in electrical appliances due their smaller size and light weight. In addition they posses less power hence have greater efficiency.
4. Speaker- it is a transducer which creates sound in reaction of the electrical auditory signal given in the input.
5. Capacitor– Electric charges are being stored by these two terminal components which is passive by nature. A dielectric medium is used which is used to separate two conductors. It started at the time when the potential variation occurs in the conductors polarizes the dipole ions to hold the charge in the medium which is dielectric. There are two varieties of capacitor available in the market –
   1. Polarized capacitor- Capacitor marked with – and + sign. They are mainly used to hold the charge. And before troubleshooting these capacitors carefully discharge them as they hold charges there is a risk of shock.
   2. Non polarized capacitor – Capacitors which do not have any polarity marked over it. They are mainly used to remove the noises appeared while converting AC into DC.