Question

Answer the questions below in order to determine the best solution for user-related data storage within your organization. Explain your recommendation. Be sure to cite your sources.

1. Are there different types of permissions for Linux and Windows systems?
2. How are permissions inherited when users are members of multiple user groups?
3. Windows has share and NTFS (Security tab) permissions. How do those interrelate?
4. When using Linux to access Windows resources, do the permissions still apply?
5. When using Windows to access Linux, do the permissions still apply?
6. What must be done in order to appropriately secure user data across all platforms?
7. If people pursue common good without harming individuals, we might not need to secure Linux or Windows systems. Provide your opinions as to valuing human value and dignity by securing operating systems.

Answer 1

First, we will explain what actually database and data warehousing are and then we will dive deep into how data backup and recovery of the data is been done as it is one of the major activities that is being completed by each and every organization that make use of this technology.

Database & Database Warehousing:

If we look into the uses of the databases it can be looked as the blessing to the whole IT industry without which many things would be next to impossible or would take a lot of headaches to complete the requirements. I will discuss below in detail about the scenario.

• Looking at the past events in the security issues in DBMS it is clear it has cost the world and it's users a lot and if we are to count the money behind the loss it would feel like a far more worse.
• Yes, there are always security issues, but this is how everything in this universe works. There is nothing in the universe which doesn't consist of flaws and DBMS techniques are also one of them.
• So, rather than looking at its disadvantages or threats, we must look at the positive side of the technology and focus more on getting the technology better in the security with the experiences that we get from staying in the field for a long time.
• I know, it sounds crazy to let attackers hack and then just make changes, it is not what we need in a world which is more dependent on all the online transactions and data which is been kept in some cloud.
• There are certain ways in which experts are fighting these issues so that they could diminish the effects of such attacks and improvising is the only factor which will help us in moving forward in the IT industry.
• It is the greatest threat to individual privacy this is an absolute fact with proofs of so many data leaks happening in a certain interval of times. There are also many data leaks which have affected the clients of the company a lot more for which company had to pay a lot of losses.
• The database is a blessing if we keep it up to the mark so that no one is going to make our security weak or even try to hack our systems. Hence, this is the things which we must ensure while using technologies.

Thus, security is always a concern when it comes to any of the IT technologies, but by looking at these vulnerabilities we can't stop using those services which we need the most and also in which we are capable of improving the security of.

Policies to backup data & secure them:

• Data is one of the most crucial things nowadays, as it is the only thing needed for manipulating requests and for which companies are paying billions of dollars to get effective information.
• We must not neglect such important cases and there must be some policies so that such data are been secure and also ready to survive attacks or any disaster that can happen.
• Hence, for such purpose making the backup of the data is very important. The backup of the data is to be made on a daily basis or every time some important data is been updated.
• For, this the talent pool in the company must be educated about network security and also about how to clean the data to store only the data which is important for the company.
• Creating a robust policy for handling of sensitive data is one of the most important steps in backing up data. The data to be backed up must be ready to be done a backup.
• Encrypting data before doing the backup is one of the most important things because if the data is been stolen it must remain confidential as it will become very tough for the attackers to get the meaningful data.
• Introducing Identity & Access Management also ensures that the data is been saved securely. It enables many services through which we can ensure that the security is unbreakable one of which is SS0(Single Sign-On).
• The last and important thing from my side for backing up and security of the data would be creating a strategy for surviving the data breach for a network of an organization.

Hence, these are the procedures and general policies that one must create or follow to backup and secure the company's data.

Data Recovery:

• It is a technique of getting back the data which has been lost from a particular interval of time. This can be done by various techniques in data recovery. Some of the most important aspects of the data recovery are what we are going to talk about.
• So, firstly getting the data backup is one of the most important things so that, whenever a data is been destroyed due to any of the reasons it can be managed accordingly. The managed data will be looked after.
• The data recovery can also be accomplished with the help of various other strategies which companies use to store the data like, some organizations save their data in cloud storage some of them save in the different servers which are been placed somewhere else.
• A data disaster can happen anytime and anywhere it is our job to secure our data using various other techniques and strategies so that the data is not been destroyed. It is one of the major techniques in data recovery.

Hence, these are the techniques of the data recovery and performing data backup is one of the most important things to do while dealing with lots of data which cannot be lost.

Activities in Maintenance of DBMS:

• The typical activities in the maintenance of the DBMS its utilities and applications are as follows:
  • First and foremost important activity is to monitor the system to ensure the database is up and running perfectly.
  • Next, is to do a full backup of the database so that there is no redundancy in all the locations where the database backup is being saved.
  • The next step is to perform a live replication so that we can read slave and hot fallback with the cluster.
  • To check the storage is it enough to make the database running for the rest of the time.
  • To perform a check on the archival strategy so that the online transaction database isn't building up too much over time.
  • Running queries for a long time so that we can understand what is happening in the database index wise and when will it be hitting a tipping point.

Hence, these are some of the activities which must be checked while doing maintenance of the database.

Yes, obviously we must consider application performance tuning to be the part of the maintenance activities. The main reason behind it is as follows:

• It will help us to know whether the application is being worked perfectly and up to what regressions are they failing to perform as expected. This will help us in finding out the limitations of our applications so that changes can be made accordingly.
• It will also keep us posted with certain changes in the application when the inputs are not as expected to make it a part of testing so that nothing can be overloaded when the application goes live.

Hence, these are some of the points we must remember while performing database maintenance.

Is an open source data mining tool better than a commercial one? Why or why not?

• The open source data mining tools will be the best as they have higher advantages than the commercial one. The explanation for this will be written as we go down:
  • When it comes to open source the best programming languages in the current market Python and Rwill add on to the features of the open source tools.
  • We all know how much powerful Python and R are in terms of the libraries and the framework they offer for the data analysis and visualization tools. This will be the major reason for using open source tools.
  • The larger community in terms of quantity and quality is also one of the reasons to use open source data mining tools. As there would be more and more contribution to the community which will lead to faster bug fixes.
  • There will be standardized modules and the functionalities which can be used by each one of the people who is making out for the community for free.
  • One can also find new talent to work with these technologies as newcomers would not have access to commercial software which will make them eligible to work only with open source tools without providing them with any training.

Hence, these are some of the reasons to use open source data mining tool which will make the data mining easy and also cost-effective.

What are the security implications of insufficient data classification?

The data classification is one of the most important things that should be done in order to gain somethings which are fruitful from data and must also be managed but what if the data classification is not done properly.

• There are many classifications of data being practiced in the world in which we can find out many possible outcomes for the classification of the data. There is been some certain classification such as :
  • Top Secret
  • Secret
  • Confidential
• The most important is to be able to classify all the data according to the given classification but if the classification is not being done properly there can be many issues such as files can be misplaced in any of the sections and later on it can deal problems.
• If the data is been misplaced to any of the other sectors of data in which it should not be then what will happen. The security must be strong for that. Hence, we can start by implementing certain things in our security plans. They are as follows:
  • We will develop a good data classification scheme if the old one is not been able to classify the data appropriately.
  • We will let us understand what is achievable through the data realistically and then classify the data
  • We can classify the data strategy as soon as the data is approved to any one of the sectors.
  • Each of the sectors will consist of various security provisions so that it won't be easy at all to break into its security.
  • Aligning the data with the best frameworks will also be the best practice to save the data.
  • The classification of the network is required instead of the data.

Hence, these are some of the security implications in case of insufficient data classification.

Data Mining:

Data mining is the most used technique for enhancing the versions of an organization when it comes to analyzing things for the organization in order to make decisions, assumptions, etc. It is the best technique, now we will list down some of the ways it helps organizations with. Here is the list:

• It helps organizations in making better decisions.
• It improves the security risk posture for the organizations.
• It also helps in improved planning and forecasting.
• It also makes the improvement in competitive advantages.
• It reduces the costing of the organization.
• It also helps in getting new customer acquisitions.
• It also helps in the development of new products.
• It plays a major role in the development of customer relationships.

Hence, these are the ways in which data mining helps organizations.

Example of using data mining techniques:

• The most known example of these techniques such as clustering, classification, etc is been used in E-commerce websites where the user's actions are being noted and results are been shown accordingly.
• Suppose, if a user has viewed a pair of shoes which are from an "XYZ" company than he will start to have suggestions of similar shoes from the same company.

Hence, this is how data mining techniques are been commonly used in organizations.

Example of Anomaly Detection:

• Suppose for an example, if there are a certain number of transactions made for a particular product is 900$ and one or two transactions made for the products is relatively low such as 100$ then we know that whether there is something fraudulent going on or some other measures to buy this product has been done.

Hence, this is one of the examples of anomaly detection.