Question

1-DESCRIBE THE AFFECT OF EACH OF THESE CHANGES IN VENTILATION ON pCO2 IN THE BLOOD AND THE POTENTIAL EFFECT ON BLOOD pH. A) HYPOVENTILATION B) HYPERVENTILATION 2-LIST THE 4 MAIN LAYERS OF THE GI TRACT. DESCRIBE ANY MODIFICATIONS TO THESE LAYERS ALONG THE GI TRACT THAT ARE SPECIFIC TO THAT ORGAN AND WHY THEY ARE IMPORTANT THERE. (no graphs please)

Answer 1

ANSWER :

1) During the hypoventilation (slower quiet breathing) the partial pressure (PO2) of CO2 will increase in the blood followed by decrease in blood pH due to less amount of CO2 can be expelled out through lungs and release of H+ in the blood.

The hyperventilation (rapid and shallow breathing) release more amount of CO2 from the lungs and pCO2 becomes lesser followed by higher pH of blood (H+ concentration).

2) The gastrointestinal tract (GI) of digestive system is composed of four specific tissue layers; mucosa (innermost), submucosa, muscularis, and serosa (outermost). These layers are modified in some aspects with specific organ of digestive system as the mucosa of the organs (stomach, small intestine) has digestive glands & also perform absorption of nutrients except duodenum where enzyme glands present in submucosa layer but there is no absorption of nutrients in the mucosa of duodenum.