Question

Where does replication stop? (Sites ves the proteins)

What is a catenanes?

What does topoisomerase do to allow for separation?

What happens if the two chromosomes don’t separate?

Answer 1

Q-1) Where does replication stop:

• As in bacteria, replication forks are formed in pairs and create a replication bubble as they move in opposite directions away from a common point of origin, stopping only when they collide head-on with a replication fork moving in the opposite direction (or when they reach a chromosome end).

Q-2) : What is a catenanes:

• A catenane is a mechanically-interlocked molecular architecture consisting of two or more interlocked macrocycles, i.e. a molecule containing two or more intertwined rings.
• The interlocked rings cannot be separated without breaking the covalent bonds of the macrocycles.

Q-3) : What does topoisomerase do to allow for separation:

• Otherwise identical loops of DNA, having different numbers of twists, are topoisomers, and cannot be interconverted without the breaking of DNA strands.
• Topoisomerases catalyze and guide the unknotting or unlinking of DNA by creating transient breaks in the DNA using a conserved tyrosine as the catalytic residue.

Q-4) : What happens if the two chromosomes don’t separate:

• Aneuploidy is caused by nondisjunction, which occurs when pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis.
• If homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis I, the result is no gametes with the normal number (one) of chromosomes.

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