List four intracellular effectors that protein kinase A activates, and the tissues where they are expressed?
Homework Answers
Receptors can bind to a ligand and signal a response accordingly thereby initiating a signaling pathway. Intracellular receptors bind to a ligand inside the cell and elicit a cellular response, either activating or deactivating the expression. Kinase plays an important role in activating or deactivating these effectors through phosphorylation.
cAMP activates the protein kinase A which can phosphorylate several targets some of them are:
1. Glucagon: Stimulate gluconeogenesis by phosphorylating fructose 2-6 bisphosphatase, in hepatocytes
2. Beta-adrenergic receptors: Enhances glycolysis in myocytes
3. Aquaporin 2: phosphorylates aquaporins by activating V2 receptors in principal cells in the kidney.
4. Dopamine receptors: activates the reward system in neurons
Also phosphorylates L-type calcium channels, potassium channels in cardiac muscles.
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List four intracellular effectors that protein kinase A activates,
and the tissues where they are expressed?
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