Question

WITH SCREENSHOTS PLEASE

Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification Project 9-3
In this hands-on project, you run processes in the background, kill them using the kill and killall commands, and change their priorities using the nice and renice commands.
1. On your Fedora Linux virtual machine, switch to a command-line terminal (tty2) by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F2 and log in to the terminal using the user name of root and the password of LNXrocks!.
2. At the command prompt, type sleep 6000 and press Enter to start the sleep com- mand, which waits 6000 seconds in the foreground. Do you get your prompt back after you enter this command? Why? Send the process an INT signal by typing the Ctrl+c key combination.
3. At the command prompt, type sleep 6000& and press Enter to start the sleep com- mand, which waits 6000 seconds in the background. Observe the background Job ID and PID that is returned.

4. Bring the background sleep process to the foreground by typing fg %1 at the command prompt, then press Enter. Send the process an INT signal by typing the Ctrl+c key combination.

5. Place another sleep command in memory by typing the sleep 6000& command and pressing Enter. Repeat this command three more times to place a total of four sleep commands in memory.

6. At the command prompt, type jobs and press Enter to view the jobs running in the background. What does the + symbol indicate?

7. At the command prompt, type kill % and press Enter to terminate the most recent pro- cess and view the output.

8. At the command prompt, type kill %1 and press Enter to terminate background job #1 and view the output.

9. At the command prompt, type killall sleep and press Enter to terminate the remaining sleep processes in memory. Verify that there are no more sleep processes in memory by typing the jobs command, then press Enter.

10. Place a sleep command in memory by typing sleep 6000& at a command prompt and pressing Enter.

11. Place a sleep command in memory with a lower priority by typing nice –n 19 sleep 6000& at a command prompt and pressing Enter.

12. Verify that these two processes have different nice values by typing the command ps –el | grep sleep at the command prompt and pressing Enter. Record the PID of the process with a nice value of 0: .

13. At the command prompt, type renice +10 PID (where PID is the PID you recorded in the previous question) to change the priority of the process. Type the command ps –el | grep sleep and press Enter to verify the new priority.

14. Type exit and press Enter to log out of your shell.

Answer 1

Below is the complete commands list for the given statements

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root@test-dl:~$ sleep 6000
^C
root@test-dl:~$ sleep 6000 &
[1] 25892
root@test-dl:~$ fg %1
sleep 6000
^C
root@test-dl:~$ sleep 6000 &
[1] 25893
root@test-dl:~$ sleep 6000 &
[2] 25894
root@test-dl:~$ sleep 6000 &
[3] 25895
root@test-dl:~$ sleep 6000 &
[4] 25896
root@test-dl:~$ jobs
[1] Running sleep 6000 &
[2] Running sleep 6000 &
[3]- Running sleep 6000 &
[4]+ Running sleep 6000 &
root@test-dl:~$ kill %
root@test-dl:~$ kill %1
[4]+ Terminated sleep 6000
root@test-dl:~$ killall sleep
[1] Terminated sleep 6000
[2]- Terminated sleep 6000
[3]+ Terminated sleep 6000
root@test-dl:~$ jobs
root@test-dl:~$ sleep 6000 &
[1] 25900
root@test-dl:~$ nice -n 19 sleep 6000 &
[2] 25902
root@test-dl:~$ ps -el | grep sleep
0 S 1000 25900 25834 0 80 0 - 3364 hrtime pts/10 00:00:00 sleep
0 S 1000 25902 25834 0 99 19 - 3364 hrtime pts/10 00:00:00 sleep
root@test-dl:~$ renice +10 25900
25900 (process ID) old priority 0, new priority 10
root@test-dl:~$ ps -el | grep sleep
0 S 1000 25900 25834 0 90 10 - 3364 hrtime pts/10 00:00:00 sleep
0 S 1000 25902 25834 0 99 19 - 3364 hrtime pts/10 00:00:00 sleep
root@test-dl:~$exit

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Answers

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2) Didn't get prompt after entering the command since the command executed in foreground.

6) + indicates the job that was sent to the background last.