Question

16. When several polypeptides join together, as is the case with the formation of antibody molecules and hemoglobin molecules, this is called the ______________ structure of a protein.

Tertiary

Secondary

Quaternary

Primary

17. In the primary structure of a protein, the amino acids are connected to one another by ____________.

Hydrogen bonds

Congealed Yoo Hoo brand chocolate drink

Peptide bonds

Disulfide bonds.

18. Which one of the following describes the FUNCTION of tRNA during bacterial protein synthesis?

Each of the tRNA molecules picks up and carries a specific protein to the ribosome.

tRNA is involved in the transcription stage of protein synthesis.

Each tRNA molecule has a specific anticodon that will pair with a specific complementary codon along the mRNA.

19. A tRNA with an ACC anticodon will insert the amino acid ________ during translation. (Use your codon sheet, Fig. 6 in the transcription and the translation section.)

Agr

Trp

Svn

Cys

Ser

20. The transfer of a fragment of DNA from a donor bacterium to a living recipient bacterium by a bacteriophage is called _____________________.

Conjugation

Transduction

Transformation

Binary fission

21. A substitution mutation that results in a different codon, but one that still codes for the same amino is called _______________.

A missense mutation

A nonsense or stop mutation

A sense mutation

A frameshift mutation where all the amino acids after the shift could be wrong

22. Which one of the following DOES NOT describe an R-plasmid?

Usually has genes for coding for a conjugation (sex) pilus.

Codes for multiple antibiotic resistance as well as the ability to form a mating pair.

R-plasmids are found in many medically important Gram-negative bacteria.

Carried from one bacterium to another by temperate bacteriophages.

23. Complementary base pairing is the hydrogen bonding of ___________________________________.

Mo with Larry; Curly with Sven the Wonder Llama*

adenine with guanine; thymine with uracil

adenine with cytosine; guanine with uracil

adenine with thymine or uracil; cytosine with guanine

adenine with guanine; thymine with cytosine

24. Addition and deletion mutations usually result in __________________________________.

the substitution of one nucleotide for another during DNA replication.

what happens when the dental technician X-rays your teeth after always leaving the room and giving you flimsy excuses for doing so like "I have to go put my socks in the dryer" or "I think my Wonder Llama just threw up a hairball".

one wrong amino acid in protein.

one wrong codon in the DNA.

a reading frame shift where all codons after the shift may be incorrect.

25. As a result of a substitution mutation, a normal DNA base triplet 3’ ATC 5’ is charged to 3’ ACT 5’. Describe specifically what effect this would have on the resulting protein. (Use your codon sheet, Fig. 6 in the transcription and the translation sections.)

This would be a nonsense mutation that would prematurely terminate the protein.

Both ATC and ACT are transcribed into stop codons.

This would be a missense mutation resulting in one wrong amino acid in the protein.

26. Which one of the following describes a DNA nucleotide?

A nitrogenous base, a molecule of deoxyribose, and a phosphate molecule.

A nitrogenous base, a protein molecule, and 1 ATP.

Faster than a speeding bullet, more powerful than a locomotive, able to leap a Wonder Llama, eg, Sven, in a single bound.

A nitrogenous base, a phosphate molecule, and a molecule of ribose.

A molecule of deoxyribose, a codon, and a phosphate molecule.

27. A substitution mutation that results in one wrong codon and one wrong amino acid is called _____________________.

a sense mutation

a nonsense or stop mutation

a missense mutation

a frameshift mutation where all the amino acids after the shift could be wrong.

28. The NH2 portion of an amino acid is called the __________ group.

Carboxy

Peptide

Amino

29. The sequence of _________________ along a gene ultimately determines the order of amino acids in proteins.

Anticodons

Phosphates

purine and pyrimidine bases

deoxyribose molecules

plasmids

39. Which one of the following describes the NORMAL FUNCTION of a stop codon in mRNA during bacterial protein synthesis?

It is at the end of a mRNA molecule and terminates translation once the protein is completed.

It prematurely terminates protein synthesis resulting in an incomplete protein.

31. The 3 stop codons are UGA, UAG, and UGG.

A tRNA with an ACC anticodon will hydrogen bond with a ______ mRNA codon. (Use your codon sheet, Fig. 6 in the transcription and the translation section.)

UGG

Stop

UCC

ACC

TGG

32. As a result of a substitution mutation, a normal DNA base triplet 3’ GAG 5’ is charged to 3’ GGG 5’. Describe specifically what effect this would have on the resulting protein. (Use your codon sheet, Fig. 6, in both the transcription section and the translation section.)

Pro will be inserted in place of Leu

Gly will be inserted in place of Glu

This is a nonsense mutation

33. An addition or deletion mutation that results in all of the amino acids after the mutation being wrong is called __________________.

a missense mutation

a sense mutation

a frameshift mutation.

a nonsense mutation

34. What is the function of a peptide bond?

A peptide bond is responsible for the tertiary structure of a protein.

A peptide bond joins the phosphate group at the 5' carbon of a new nucleotide to the hydroxyl (OH) group of the 3' carbon of a nucleotide already in the chain to form a strand of nucleic acid.

A peptide bond is responsible for the secondary structure of a protein.

To join the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxy group of another amino acid.

35. Which one of the following describes the FUNCTION of mRNA during Bacterial protein synthesis?

mRNA consists of a series of anticodons that determine the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide or protein.

A 40S and a 60S ribosomal subunit will attach to the mRNA to begin translation.

mRNA is made complementary to a gene in the DNA.

Answer 1

Ans 16: When several polypeptides join together, as is the case with the formation of antibody molecules and hemoglobin molecules, this is called the Quaternary structure of a protein.

The explanation for correct answer: Some proteins are made up of several identical or different polypeptide chains. The three-dimensional complex formed due arrangement of these polypeptide chains is called the quaternary structure of the protein.

The explanation for the incorrect answers:

Primary structure: It is the linear sequence in which amino acids are joined together(by peptide bonds) to make a polypeptide chain.

Secondary structure: This structure is formed by the H-bonding between amino acids. Alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheets are the most common secondary structures of the protein.

Tertiary structure: This is the three-dimensional structure of the protein that is formed because of the folding of the polypeptide. In tertiary structure, the only single polypeptide chain is present whereas several polypeptide chains are present in the quarternary structure.

Please find the image below for a better understanding of protein folding.