Question

PROTEINS Classify proteins according to their function, give examples - Aminoacids: Functional groups common to all aminoacids What is the isoelectric point Classification of aminoacids Explain the primary, secondary, tertiary, and cuaternary structure of proteins. Give examples of each Describe the peptide bond Identify the interaction/forces associated to the stabilization of 2°, 3°, and 4° structures. What is an enzyme and what do they do? Classes of enzymes - Explain enzyme-catalyzed reaction - Models of enzyme action - Which factors affect enzyme activity? - Describe the different type of enzyme inhibition

Answer 1

1) Based on their function, proteins can be classified into:

Structural Proteins: These form the component of skin, connective tissue, bones, cartilage, etc. Examples include keratin and collagen.

Enzymes: These are biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions in the body. Examples include Lipase, Salivary Amylase, etc.

Hormones:There are proteinaceous hormones that act as chemical messengers in the body. Some examples include Insulin, ACH, etc.

Respiratory Pigments: These are conjugated proteins which contain pigments as their prosthetic group. An example include the protein Haemoglobin.

Transport Proteins: These help in transporting materials in the cell. An example of such a protein is Serum Albumin.

Contractile Proteins: They help generate force in the muscles. They contract by utilizing energy from ATP molecules. and storage proteins.Examples include Actin and Myosin.

Storage Proteins: They function as stores of metal ions and amino acids in the cells. An example include Ferritin, which stores iron.

2) a) Amines and carboxylic acid are the functional groups that are common to all amino acids.

b) The isoelectric point of an amino acid is the pH at which the amino acid becomes neutral and does not migrate in an electric field.

c) Amino acids are classified based on R Group, Polarity and R Group, Distribution in Protein, Nutritional Requirements, and number of amino and carboxylic groups.

3) The primary structure of a protein refers to the linear sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. An example of a protein with a primary structure is insulin.

The secondary structure of a protein refers to local folded structures that form within a polypeptide due to interaction between atoms of the backbone. Myoglobin is an example of a protein with secondary structure.

The tertiary structure of a protein refers to the overall three-dimensional structure of a polypeptide. An example of such a protein is albumin, which is found in egg whites.

The quartenary structure of a protein refers to the arrangement and number of multiple protein subunits.

4) A peptide bond is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the the amino group of the other molecule.Peptide bonds are seen in amino acid polypeptide chains.