What is COPD and stepwise therapy (additions to current Medications) in its treatment?
Answer
COPD means chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
* it includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
* emphysema means destruction and engagement of alveoli.
* chronic bronchitis means it is inflammation of the bronchioles and cough and sputum will present at least 3 consecutive months.
Stepwise therapy in its treatment :
1. First we need to provide symptomatic treatment like
If patient is having dyspnea means check vital signs if oxygen saturation level is below 90% means administer oxygen with nasal prongs 2 lit per minute.
* provide comfortable position that is semifowlers position to relieve dyspnea by peritoneal layer will come down and space will come for lungs to maintain normal breaths.
* provide health education about smoking cessation and alcoholism cessation.
* advice to avoid exposure to cold because it aggravates the breathing difficulty.
* if any fever is there means administer antipyretics like tab paracetamol.
* educate to avoid expose secondary smoking.
* education regarding vaccinations like pneumovax, and bcg vaccine as a preventative measurements.
* educate deep breathing and coughing exercises.
2. Provide short acting bronchodilators like salbutamol or levosalbutamol.
* it should be act like activation of beta 2 adrenergic receptors on airway smooth muscles and it dilates the air way.
* releaf from breathing difficulty.
3. Long acting bronchodilatos like salmeterol it acts like relaxing the muscles in air way and increases the breathing pattern.
* it should be used like inhalers.
4. Inhaled corticosteroids also can use in homes also those are budesonide, beclomethosone.
* these are anti inflammatory drugs which will reduces the inflammation and swelling of the air way.
5 . If the patient is no redusing the symptoms by these treatments also can provide long term oxygen therapy on face mask, and then high flow mask up to 8-10 lit per minute.
* then also patient is not maintaining go for transplantation of lungs.
* next maintain incubation and ventilator up to recovery.
This is the stepwise management for COPD.
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