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What is COPD and stepwise therapy (additions to current Medications) in its treatment?

What is COPD and stepwise therapy (additions to current Medications) in its treatment?

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COPD means chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

* it includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

* emphysema means destruction and engagement of alveoli.

* chronic bronchitis means it is inflammation of the bronchioles and cough and sputum will present at least 3 consecutive months.

Stepwise therapy in its treatment :

1. First we need to provide symptomatic treatment like

If patient is having dyspnea means check vital signs if oxygen saturation level is below 90% means administer oxygen with nasal prongs 2 lit per minute.

* provide comfortable position that is semifowlers position to relieve dyspnea by peritoneal layer will come down and space will come for lungs to maintain normal breaths.

* provide health education about smoking cessation and alcoholism cessation.

* advice to avoid exposure to cold because it aggravates the breathing difficulty.

* if any fever is there means administer antipyretics like tab paracetamol.

* educate to avoid expose secondary smoking.

* education regarding vaccinations like pneumovax, and bcg vaccine as a preventative measurements.

* educate deep breathing and coughing exercises.

2. Provide short acting bronchodilators like salbutamol or levosalbutamol.

* it should be act like activation of beta 2 adrenergic receptors on airway smooth muscles and it dilates the air way.

* releaf from breathing difficulty.

3. Long acting bronchodilatos like salmeterol it acts like relaxing the muscles in air way and increases the breathing pattern.

* it should be used like inhalers.

4. Inhaled corticosteroids also can use in homes also those are budesonide, beclomethosone.

* these are anti inflammatory drugs which will reduces the inflammation and swelling of the air way.

5 . If the patient is no redusing the symptoms by these treatments also can provide long term oxygen therapy on face mask, and then high flow mask up to 8-10 lit per minute.

* then also patient is not maintaining go for transplantation of lungs.

* next maintain incubation and ventilator up to recovery.

This is the stepwise management for COPD.

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