Question

Please help I need all of them right to get the point and I only have one attempt left.

Researchers collected data to examine the relationship between pollutants and preterm births in Southern California. During the study air pollution levels were measured by air quality monitoring stations. Specifically, levels of carbon monoxide were recorded in parts per million, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in parts per hundred million, and coarse particulate matter PM1o in ug/m3. Length of gestation data were collected on 143,196 births between the years 1989 and 1993, and air pollution exposure during gestation was calculated for each birth. The analysis suggested that increased ambient PM10 and, to a lesser degree, CO concentrations may be associated with the occurrence of preterm births a. The paragraph above describes an OA. Experiment B. Observational Study b. The cases in this research are A. Each birth between 1989 and 1993 B. Each year between 1989 and 1993 C.Air pollution exposure during gestation D. Each type of pollution measured by air quality monitoring stations c. What is the research question? A. How prevalent was preterm birth during the years 1989 to 1993? B. Are preterm births associated with air pollution levels? C. How can expectant mothers avoid air pollution? D. How much air pollution is there in Southern California? d. What is the population of interest? A. All human babies B. All years for which air quality has been measured C. All air quality monitoring stations D. All environmental pollutants

Answer 1

Ans:

a)Observational study(as no treatments are used)

b)Each type of pollution measured by the air quality monitoring stations

c)Are preterm births associated with air pollutants levels.

d)All human babies

e)The 143,196 births

f)No,because this is an observational study.

(we need to conduct experiment for establishing causal relationship)