Question

what are 2-3 diagnostic test or labs that determine osteoporosis ?

Answer 1

Diagnostic tests or labs to determine osteoporosis:

1. DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) or DXA scan or bone densitometry to determine Bone Mineral Density (BMD) or bone loss. This is conducted using low energy X-ray to determine bone loss in hip and/or spine. The BMD values obtained are classified as normal, osteopenia BMD and osteoporosis BMD. DEXA scores or values are given as T-scores and Z-scores. Comparison of a person's bone density with that of a healthy young adult is called T-score while the comparison of age-matched adults gives the Z-score.

• Normal BMD: T-score values less than 1 standard deviation below the young adult mean.
• Osteopenia BMD: T-score value is between -1 and -2.5 standard deviations below the young adult mean.
• Osteoporosis: Even lower T-score values, which are at least -2.5 standard deviations below the young adult mean.

2. Nuclear bone scan or skeletal scintigraphy: In this case, a small amount of radioactive material is used to detect the thinning of bones at an early stage. This scan can also reveal the rate of progress of osteoporosis in a patient. When the test is conducted, the radioactive tracer or radionuclide will accumulate at bone sites with any physical or chemical changes. This radiation is indicated by the scanner. The final map-like image shows the abnormal areas in the bones.

3. Lab test: Serum chemistry level includes:

• Calcium levels: Hypocalcemia can contribute to osteoporosis.
• 25-hydroxyvitamin D level: Inadequate amount can predispose people to osteoporosis.