Question

The stages of development according to Piaget is all about the theory of cognitive development and each stage must be achieved in order to develop into a healthy adult.
1. List the various stages
2. Explain each stage
3. Give an example of the stage that is seen in the older adult and tell state the nurse can assist client at this stage

Answer 1

Jean Piaget has formulated Piaget theory.This theory mainly focuses on child's development. It is also called as "Genetic Epistemology"

1.The stages of Paget's theory are

• Sensorimotor stage
• Preoperational stage
• Concrete operational stage
• Formal operation stage

2.Sensorimotor stage

This stage begins from birth to two years of life.The childrens doesn't think's from others side rather they are ego centric in these years. It has six sub stages. Thru are

• The rooting and sucking reflex (breast feeding) are the first single reflexes
• In the second reflex they do repeated reflexes called as primary circular motion .The infants ages between one to four months
• In the secondary circular reactions the childrens are aware of the objects surrounding them.This lasts from four to eight months
• In this stage they coordinate things called as coordination of secondary circular reactions. This lasts from eight to twelve months
• The childrens later start exploring the surrounding in the tertiary circular reactions. This is expected from one year to one and half years.
• In internalization the child starts to reason and learn .This is from one and half years to two years

2.Preoperational stage

The child ages in between two to seven years of life.They are more concentrated on learning new things like speaking, playing ,experimenting ,etc.,The lack logical thinking .Observe things as it is neither understanding its benefits or harms.It is further subdivided in to two stages namely

• Symbolic functional substage (2_4 years) Chidren represents their needs through symbols or drawings
• Intuitive though substage (4_7 years) Children start to question on all things as a view of explorance nature

3.Vincrete operational stage

The child ages from seven to eleven years.They think logically because of this the egoism slowly fades off.They start to fo things rationally and have critical thinking nature.They expose what they have learn and cannot manipulate things

4.Formal operational stage

This stage begins from age eleven to sixteen years and as they grow up.They think more logically, able to solve problems, think more critically, intellectual and efficient.

3.The stage that can be seen in older adults are formal operational stage.For example a 55 years old female having family history of breast cancer sill be more conscious and aware of the ways in reducing the risk of the disease with lifestyle management. The nurse can assist the client in this stage by health educating ,providing psychological support,creating awareness, meeting basic needs.