Question

Problem 4. (5 points) Using the definition above, determine if there a difference between the following statements. If so, exLet ????(?, ?, ?) be a predicate that represents the statement “? makes a fool of ? on day ?.” Thus, for example, ∃?: ∀?: ????(?, ???, ?) means that there is someone who fools Lem every day.

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Answer #1

SOLUTION:

Given meaning with examples:

????(?, ?, ?) = “? makes a fool of ? on day ?.”

∃?: ∀?: ????(?, ???, ?) = "There is someone who fools Lem every day."

Answer:

  1. ∀x: ∀y: ????(Sam, x, y)     VS    ∀y:∀x: ????(Sam, x, y)

∀x: ∀y: ????(Sam, x, y) = “Sam makes a fool of everyone every day”

∀y:∀x: ????(Sam, x, y) = “Sam makes a fool of everyone every day”

No difference is the two statements

  1. ∃x: ∃y: ????(Sam, x, y)     VS    ∃y: ∃x: ????(Sam, x, y)

∃x: ∃y: ????(Sam, x, y) = “Sam fools some x on some days”

∃y: ∃x: ????(Sam, x, y) = “Sam fools some x on some days”

No difference is the two statements

  1. ∃x: ∀y: ????(Sam, x, y)     VS    ∀x: ∃y: ????(Sam, x, y)

∃x: ∀y: ????(Sam, x, y) = “There is someone whom Sam fools every day”

∀x: ∃y: ????(Sam, x, y) = “There are some days when Sam fools everyone”

The two statements are different as they give different meanings.

  1. ∃x: ∀y: ????(Sam, x, y)     VS    ∀y: ∃x: ????(Sam, x, y)

∃x: ∀y: ????(Sam, x, y) = “There is someone whom Sam fools every day”

∀y: ∃x: ????(Sam, x, y) = “There is someone whom Sam fools every day”

No difference is the two statements

  1. ∃x: ∀y: ????(Sam, x, y)     VS    ∃y:∀x: ????(Sam, x, y)

∃x: ∀y: ????(Sam, x, y) = “There is someone whom Sam fools every day”

∃y:∀x: ????(Sam, x, y) = “There are some days when Sam fools everyone”

The two statements are different as they give different meanings.

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