Question

how does the liver maintain homeostasis in vertebrates

Answer 1

Homeostasis means that maintaining the level of the substance at a normal level It neither promotes its level to increase nor the level to decrease.

The liver plays an important role in the homeostasis of the blood glucose level. In the fed state (the stage when we intake food) some of the carbohydrates get converted into glycogen(glycogenesis) and while the other form provides energy in the form of ATP. While in the fasting state it promotes the breakdown of the glycogen (glycogenolysis) and promotes the glucose synthesis that is gluconeogenesis. During fasting, stage liver gets energy from the beta-oxidation of the fatty acid which produces the acetyl-coenzyme. Thus maintained the level of the glucose in the blood by the breakdown of the glucose and synthesis of the glucose.