Question

• Name two stimulant beverages, the plant they are derived from, its Latin binomial, and how it is made.
• Name two alcoholic beverages, the plant they are derived from, its Latin binomial, and how it is made.
• Name two medicinal plants from which steroids are extracted; mention their Latin binomial, and how they are used.
• Name two medicinal plants from which alkaloids are extracted; mention their Latin binomial, and how they are used.
• Name two medicinal plants used in anti-cancer treatments; mention their Latin binomial, and how they are used.
• In which plants are the psychoactive compounds nicotine and caffeine found? Mention their Latin binomial and mode of action.
• In which plants are the psychoactive compounds morphine and THC found? Mention their Latin binomial and mode of action.

Answer 1

Stimulant beverages :- Tea and coffee

Coffee is derived from coffee plant and binomial name is Coffea arabica.

Coffee bean is actually a seed that comes from specifictype of berries.Berries aee harvested. Beans are removed from berries.After that beans need to be processed.Then these bean are dried and wet procesding by modern method..in dry method these are sun dried and in modern method washing and fermentation occurs.

After that roasting occurs .longer the bean roast more intense the flavour of coffeee.Then grinding and brewing

Tea is obtained from tea plant

Binomial name is Camellia sinensis

Processing of tea leaves

. Fist tea leaves plucking which include terminal buds .Picking is done by hand

Withering :- Leaves begin to wilt soon after picking with a gradual onset of enzymatic oxidation.The leaves undergo wilting by sun dried or left in cool breeze to pull moisture.This process help in promoting the breakdown of proteins into free amino acids.

Oxidation:- Tea leaves undergo oxidation and chlorophyll turns into tannins

After that tea leaves heating thus deactivating oxidative enzymes and remove unwanted scent without damaging flavour of tea.

Then rolling is done which causes the tea leaves to wrap around itself .This rolling action also causes some of sap,essential oils and juices inside the leaves further enhances the taste of tea.

Drying is done to finish the tea for sale.

◆Alchoholic beverages are wine and beer

a)Wine is obtained from grapes

Binomial name is Vitis vinifera

b)Beer is obtained from barley

Binomial name is Hordeum vulgare

These are made by fermentation

◆Medicinal plant from which steroid is obtained

a) Atropa belladona

Its leaves and root is used

b)Withania  somnifera

Its seeds,leaves,roots are used

◆ Medicinal plants from which alkaloids obtain a)Erythroxylum coca which yields an alkaloid known as cocaine .It is usually snorted

b)Rauwolfia serpentina

Its root is used to treat blood pressure and mental illness.

◆Anticancer plant

Garlic

Binomial name is Allium sativus

An chemical allicin is extracted which is used in cancer

b)Saffron

Binomial name Chrocus sativus

Dried stgma are used.