Question

1. Non-differential means that the extent of the misclassification is ________ for both study groups:

1. Different
2. Dynamic
3. Same
4. Undecided

2. Misclassification error can be fixed by which of the following approach:

1. Use most accurate source of information available
2. Multiple measurements of exposure and disease
3. Validation – corroborate the data using several sources
4. All of the above

3. Confounding is described as a:

1. Systematic difference in soliciting, recording, or interpreting information
2. Systematic difference between the groups being compared that distorts the true association between a cause and an effect
3. Systematic similarity between the groups being compared that distorts the true association between an exposure and disease
4. None of the above

4. Concerning confounding:

1. It results in mixing of effects between exposure and disease
2. Occurs when cases and controls have different characteristics
3. It is an inherent characteristic of the population
4. All of the above

Answer 1

1

c) same

2

d) all of the above.

3

c) Systematic similarity between the groups being compared that distorts the true association between an exposure and disease

4

C) It is an inherent characteristic of the population