Question

Answer in short answer form:

1. How have wars exacerbated famine problems in Africa?

2. What are two factors that have been shown to correlate with children being out of school? Explain.

3. Worldwide, who is more likely to be illiterate, women or men, and why?

4. What is Oral Rehydration Therapy and how does it work?

Answer 1

War can be considered as a synonym to famine.there are major 3 reasons why wars always lead to famine

1.army consumption
• As they need more grains and foodstuff.this requisition can be forcible or billeting soldiers on household.it had a great impact on peasants of that place, the fear of imposition may cause them to destroy their production or abandon their homes and hide.
• Similarly, in 1991 and 1992, Renamo’s strategy was to control over more fertile land to feed his army because of which more people began to flee (Africa watch 1992)
• Armies also loot and pillage to feed themselves and for booty. Stole cattle and livestock, burned fields, cut down trees and killed thousands of men and often took a slave as well.
• The most brutal looting was carried out by forces of formal dictator Said Barre in March and April 1992 which directly participated in severe famine in Africa.
2. Famine as the instrument of war
• Armies use hunger as their weapon to surrender the enemies. Starve the cities into submission by firebombing the food warehouses or preventing the supplies from reaching the cities.
3. States are created
• Based on systematic asset states have emerged in Africa. And these are usually controlled by militaries and hence violent.
• Throughout the country government, people and military people enriched themselves through stealing assets.
• The most brutal case was of SNF in Rahanweyn area in March and April 1992 as these forces took everything with them and the area immediately descended into famine.

Factors which keep children out of school
1. Family factors: family environment and social status mainly keep children out of school and affect the child’s achievement. Many times there are families who cannot afford enough books and other educational supplies and it results on child and has a negative influence on his academics often dropping out of school.
2. Learning disabilities and physical factors: many of the learning disabilities cannot be prevented but they can be overcome by certain measures. Basically, this cannot be considered as a factor which keeps children out of school. children with health problems often lag behind other peers and it decreases their morale they distract them in the way of learning.

Two third of worlds illiterate adults are women. Reasons for this gender inequality are
• Women and girls are often excluded from going to schools or participating in educational or any social event.
• Many girls reach their adulthood without even completing primary school
• Unequal incomes and migrations patterns are reasons for women’s lack of education
• Even certain cultural forms prevent them from going to school
• In many communities, women are less likely to be considered decision makers and therefore not considered to take any education

oral rehydration therapy

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a fluid replacement therapy which is used to treat dehydration and prevent it, especially caused by diarrhea.
In this modest amount of sugar along with salt is added to the water to supply it with sodium and potassium.ORT can also be given by nasogastric tube.
ORT does not stop diarrhea but it helps in regaining the lost fluids and essential salts from the body. It prevents dehydration, coping up with water loss and thus reducing the danger. The glucose contained in the solution enables intestine to absorb the fluids more efficiently.