Question

27. Provide an example and describe in one sentence how each of the following barriers play a role in the immune response against pathogens: a) Physical barriers: b) Anti-microbial barriers: c) Innate response: d) Adaptive response:

Answer 1

a) physical barriers such as skin, the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract, the nasopharynx, cilia, eyelashes and other body hair , they protect us from pathogen said to be line of defence mechanism.

b) anti microbial barries: these are also called as complements, interferons or protiens

complements:A number of proteins contribute directly to the body’s nonspecific defense system by helping to destroy invading microorganisms. One group of such proteins is called complement because it works with other defense mechanisms of the body, complementing their efforts to eradicate invaders

interferons or protiens

Interferons

Another group of proteins that provide protection are the interferons, which inhibit the replication of many—but not all—viruses. Cells that have been infected with a virus produce interferon, which sends a signal to other cells of the body to resist viral growth.

c) innate responses:
it is said to non specific response shown by cell, is take part withhelp of cells said to mast cells, wbc, and some barries said to skin, mucus,lysozyme etc

d) adapative responces:

The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune system or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate pathogens or prevent their growth

examples : antibodys, tcells, cd4 and cd8 markers are invloved in the process of elimination of antigen