Question

Make a conceptual map that includes all the mechanisms of recombinant DNA induction: transduction, transformation and transfection (chemical induction, of competent cells, transformation with calcium chloride, electroporation, pyrobalistics, protoplasts, microinjection and lipofection) .. Add bibliography, No Wikipedia.

Answer 1

> is almost exclusively used for Transduction is a process Transfection is the process eukaryotic cells. by which a foreign DNA is of deliberately introducing introduced into a bacterial naked purified nucleic acket cell by a vious or viral into eukaryotic cells." Vecto,l. used in tems of bacteria. Transformation - Bacteria can take up foreign DNA in a process called transformation. It is a key step in DNA cloning. It occurs after restriction digestion of the plasmid and ligation Of new piece of DNA - For the uptake of foreign ona the cells se wall are altered. and they incorporate foreign DNA - Such celt bacterial cells are called competent cells. To transform the bacterial plasmid there are various methods which include: to Sherrieat induction. with calüum chloride (eincreases ability to incosporate plasmid DNA) Gracing E. coli → Isolated & suspended in cad → Incubation → R. DONA added '; all cells are plated on media → Scereening of transformed cells. 2. Electroporation – an electric field is applied to calls to increase the permeability ; a 13 VA membrane. 3. pyrobalistics → PE t. protoplasts → this involves the direct delivery of DNA to individual plant calls using polyethylene glycol. a 5. lipofection = method to einject DNA into a cell by using Liposomes, iposomes are lipid vessicles which easily merge with cell membrane 6. micro injection uses a glass micropipette to inject foreign DNA into living cell (cell, egg, oocyte, embryo) of.