Question

Answer all three of the following prompts in at least 30 words.

1. Explain the roles of each structure in bacteria cells.

2. Explain how bacteria cells make energy for cellular processes.

3. How are plant cells, animal cells, and bacteria cells different?

Answer 1

1. Roles of each structure in bacteria cells :-

• Slime layer or Capsule, cell wall : It gives protection to the bacterial cell and helps in attachment to surface.
• Plasma membrane : It helps protoplasm to survive under unfavourable environmental conditions.
• Flagella,Pili,Fimbriae : Helps in Bacterial movements.
• Bacterial DNA, Plasmid : Helps in Reproduction and protein production.
• Ribosome : Ribosomes helps in protein synthesis.
• Mesosome : Helps in replication of nucleic material.

2. Though Bacterial cells do not have mitochondria but they can make energy for cellular processes by obtaining energy by decomposing dead organisms and breaking down some chemical substances.

In Plasma membrane of bacteria, cellular respiration occurs which can also generate energy.

Some bacteria can make energy by utilizing organic matters as well as from sunlight etc....

3. i) Plant and animal cells are Eukaryotes but bacterial cells are Prokaryotic.

ii) Bacterial cells are lack of nucleas where as plant and animal cells contain dense cytoplasm and prominent nucleas.

iii) Plant cells have cell wall, Bacterial cells have cell wall but Animal cells do not have cell wall.

iv) Plant cells have Chloroplasts, Bacterial cells and Animal cells do not have Chloroplasts.

V) Plant and Animal cells contain mitochondria but bacterial cells do not contain mitochondria.

Vi) Bacterial cells have extra DNA (Plasmid) but Animal and plant cells do not have any extra DNA.

Vii) Plant and Animal cells contain larger ribosomes i.e 80S and Bacterial cells contain small ribosomes i.e 70S.