Question

1. What is the importance of compaction in mammalian embryos? What role does hippo play? What is the importance f Oct4, Sox2 and nanog?

Answer 1

Answer 1

Compaction is described as the first morphogenetic event in the development of the mammalian embryo. It has also a vital role in cellular diversification into trophectoderm and inner cell mass lineages. In this process, the adjacent blastomeres flatten against one another which leads to the establishment of cell-cell contact

Answer 2

The HIPPO has a vital role in a HIPPO signalling pathway that is essential for mammalian embryogenesis. The HIPPO signalling of embryo includes segregating fetal and extraembryonic lineages. It also has a role in establishing the pluripotent progenitors of embryonic stem (ES) cells.

Answer 3

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are cells derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and are pluripotent i.e ability to differentiate into any different type of cell.

Sox2 and Oct4 are transcriptional activators that play a vital role in the regulation of embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2, are core transcription factors that help in regulating the pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells.