When using bacteria to clone a human gene and express its product, as in the case...
When using bacteria to clone a human gene and express its product, as in the case of insulin, the gene cannot contain introns because bacteria do not have the enzymes to process mRNA. How do scientists overcome this challenge?
Homework Answers
In order to express a human gene in bacteria and express a functional protein, we isolate whole cell RNA from human cells. Using specific primer against insulin mRNA, cDNA is synthesized using reverse transcriptase. This cDNA synthesized from mRNA doesn't contain intronic regions.
cDNA is cloned into the bacterial vector and transformed into bacteria. The bacteriexpresses a functional insulin protein
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When using bacteria to clone a human gene and express its
product, as in the case...
To be able to clone a intron free gene from E. coli using PCR, you would...
To be able to clone a intron free gene from E. coli using PCR, you would need to use ____ as template. A. cDNA generated from E. coli B. chromosomal DNA C. Chromosomal DNA or cDNA, because the bacteria does not have introns D. mature mRNA
Scientists have engineered bacteria to produce human proteins such as human growth hormone (hGH) to help...
Scientists have engineered bacteria to produce human proteins such as human growth hormone (hGH) to help treat dwarfism. Suppose the unmodified eukaryotic gene coding for hGH is inserted directly into a bacterial chromosome. Select the reasons why no expression would be seen in the bacterial cell for the hGH gene. Bacteria cannot remove intronic sequence from a gene, so if the gene for hGH were transcribed, it would translate to a nonfunctional protein. The bacterial nucleoid does not have the...
8. DNA cloning. The first DNA clone using recombinant DNA technology was human insulin, which was...
8. DNA cloning. The first DNA clone using recombinant DNA technology was human insulin, which was made in 1978. The insulin gene was inserted into a plasmid and the gene was transcribed and translated from the plasmid in E coll cells. Insulin is synthesized by ribosomes in human pancreatic cells. Insulin is synthesized as a longer polypeptide, which is then trimmed by proteases to make the mature chains A and B (see Fig. 2.17 on page 39 of your textbook)....
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The typical human gene contains an average of 8 exons. The exons average about 145 nucleotides...
The typical human gene contains an average of 8 exons. The exons average about 145 nucleotides in length, and the internal introns are usually about 10x that size. Using these values, calculate the following. Please show your work so that partial credit can be given when applicable. a.(5 points) Assuming only internal introns, a 100 nucleotide 5’ untranslated region, and a 800 nucleotide 3’ untranslated region, how long is the typical pre-mRNA in humans? b.(5 points) Assuming complete and perfect...
Protein P is synthesized in relatively high amounts in the human pancreas. This protein has been...
Protein P is synthesized in relatively high amounts in the human pancreas. This protein has been isolated and purified, but its amino acid sequence has not been determined. We wish to clone the gene for protein P. (a) How can a probe be prepared to identify the gene for protein P? (b) If we have prepared a radioactive messenger RNA as our probe in part (a), how could we verify that it is the mRNA for protein P? (c) If...
Background Information How can we predict where a coding gene will be in bacteria? And can...
Background Information How can we predict where a coding gene will be in bacteria? And can we then predict what protein will be produced? Take the DNA sequence below, for example. tcaggctttaattcatccgtgatctttgacgacggtaaatacgatgcagatataatacgatgaccgatgccaatcgaccgatcaaggaggcaccgaatggcgatgatggcgatgattgcgattaacgaagtggaacgcattatggcgggcattaacgaagatacccatgcgaccggcgaaaacgaaaccatttgcagctgcgcgaactttgaagaactgacccatgcgaccggccgcgaagcgacctaaaagtcgtaattacgtatcaagtcatgggccgcgggcgcccggcccactgactagactagggccgggcgcccgcggcccaccatataaataaaaaaaaaaaaaacgaggctatagctcatcaatgacct If you were a bacterial RNA polymerase, what sequence(s) should there be in this DNA for you to bind and begin transcribing? And if you found such sequence(s), where would you begin transcription? As a human being looking at this fragment of DNA, what type of consensus sequence(s)...
35. Insulin is a peptide (protein) hormone secreted by B-cells located in the pancreas. To be...
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What control elements regulate expression of the mPGES-1 gene? The promoter of a gene includes the...
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1. Check all genes you would expect to be significantly expressed in eye cells. A.the RPSA...
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Scientists have engineered bacteria to produce human proteins such as human growth hormone (hGH) to help treat dwarfism. Suppose the unmodified eukaryotic gene coding for hGH is inserted directly into a bacterial chromosome. Select the reasons why no expression would be seen in the bacterial cell for the hGH gene. Bacteria cannot remove intronic sequence from a gene, so if the gene for hGH were transcribed, it would translate to a nonfunctional protein. The bacterial nucleoid does not have the...
8. DNA cloning. The first DNA clone using recombinant DNA technology was human insulin, which was made in 1978. The insulin gene was inserted into a plasmid and the gene was transcribed and translated from the plasmid in E coll cells. Insulin is synthesized by ribosomes in human pancreatic cells. Insulin is synthesized as a longer polypeptide, which is then trimmed by proteases to make the mature chains A and B (see Fig. 2.17 on page 39 of your textbook)....
Protein P is synthesized in relatively high amounts in the human pancreas. This protein has been isolated and purified, but its amino acid sequence has not been determined. We wish to clone the gene for protein P. (a) How can a probe be prepared to identify the gene for protein P? (b) If we have prepared a radioactive messenger RNA as our probe in part (a), how could we verify that it is the mRNA for protein P? (c) If...
35. Insulin is a peptide (protein) hormone secreted by B-cells located in the pancreas. To be protein) hormone used to regulate the level of glucose in the bloodstream. It is produced and performed. cated in the pancreas. To better understand how insulin is secreted, the following experiments were a. The mature me mature mRNA for insulin encodes a protein that is 110 amino acids in length. If the genes t is 110 amino acids in length. If the gene is...
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